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挤压药价水分,政府之手正当其责

2017-08-11 04:13:30   中国青年网

胡宇齐

治疗乳腺癌的药品赫赛汀,原价一支两万多元,如今降至7600元——这近7成的价格降幅正是药品医保准入首次国家谈判取得的成绩。人社部日前对外公布,36种药品进入医保目录,价格平均降幅为44%。有报道称,此轮谈判砍价之狠,超出企业预期,“一些企业人士满头大汗地扶着墙出来”。

细观谈判成绩单,这36种药品多处于专利保护期中,抗肿瘤药占据半壁江山,而这些重症患者的“刚需药”“救命药”往往原价不菲。数据显示,2015年,赫赛汀的销售额达19.12亿元;治疗肺癌的药品厄洛替尼,销售额为6.24亿元。如今这些药品降价进医保,对于参保患者无疑是天大的好事。即便是未参保者,负担也将显著减轻。为确保谈判结果在地方顺利落地,人社部明确,各省(区、市)社保主管部门不得将有关药品调出目录,不得调整限定支付范围。我们期待更多患者能尽快享受谈判红利。

药价降幅有多大,谈判过程就有多难。这次国家谈判的胜利,首先要归功于谈判机制的周密与创新。从筹备到实施,历经4个月时间,包括申报、审核、谈判三个阶段。谈判中的每一个数字,都对应着大量缜密细致的工作。比如,谈哪些药最合适?谈到什么价格双方能接受?医保方的专家从药物的经济性、医保基金的承受能力两方面测算,得出了谈判的主要依据。在此基础上,医保发挥团购优势,直面药企“讨价还价”;药企“以价换量”,进入医保提升销量,这才达成了难得的“双赢”之局。

药价虚高,牵动百姓敏感神经,也最让人心生无力之感。前些年,媒体曾曝光,一些药品在经历重重倒手后,售价比出厂价翻了十几甚至二十倍。同时,红霉素眼膏、复方甘草片等廉价又好使的小药却正以惊人的速度消失,进入“药品价格低,企业不生产,患者没药买”的死循环。这些乱象深刻地说明:调节药价、挤压水分,市场之手不可能自发完成这样的民生任务,必须要有政府之手的强力参与。有医改问题专家曾直言,“‘唯市场派’经济学家不了解卫生经济的特性,将医疗类比餐饮业,闹出不少笑话。”药品是商品,但绝非普通商品,而攸关着百姓的生命健康,理顺药价,离不开政府的宏观调控。

药价仅仅是医疗体系中的一部分。卫生经济学中有个著名的命题“供给诱导需求”,意指在纯市场经济条件下,有多少医生就会有多少病人,小病可以大治,没病可以整出病来。当前我国医疗领域的种种乱象,多少能找到这样的影子。这启示我们,政府的宏观调控不光要管控药价,而且在医疗体系每个重要环节中都不能缺位。在这方面,世界上已有成功案例。比如作为老牌市场经济国家的英国,采用去市场化的公立医疗体系,人均费用只有美国1/3,人均预期寿命却比美国长得多。英国人以此为傲,还特意在2012年伦敦奥运会上向全球展示。作为社会主义国家,我们本就有发挥医疗公益属性的“先天优势”,当然更不能落于人后。

医改还在路上,而实现人人病有所医的大方向非常明确。用好政府之手,进一步强化医疗事业的公益属性,中国人的生活图景会更健康、更幸福。

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