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遏制短缺药价格违法,执法须从严

2017-08-09 09:41:00   中国青年网

不管是价格法还是反垄断法,惩罚违法行为的条款都有一定弹性,能否对药价违法行为准确裁量是对执法部门的考验

□ 丰 收

保障短缺药品供应、规范短缺药品价格秩序已成为今年药政工作重点之一。记者了解到,《短缺药品垄断性原料药价格行为指南》将于近期向社会征求意见。专家表示,文件出台将遏制违法涨价、恶意控销等行为,对稳定药价、配合医改具有重要意义(8月8日《经济参考报》)。

值得注意的是,部分短缺药品价格猛涨。表面上看,短缺造成药价猛涨,但实际上部分短缺药品价格猛涨并不是正常现象,其背后隐藏价格违法行为。2011年以来,价格监管部门相继查处了盐酸异丙嗪、别嘌醇片、艾司唑仑、异烟肼等多起短缺药品经营者实施的价格垄断行为。

为防止短缺药品价格不合理上涨加重老百姓负担,有关方面制定《短缺药品垄断性原料药价格行为指南》显然很有必要,这既能指引药企规范自身定价行为,也能指引监管者和公众监督药企价格违法行为,有望给短缺药品价格戴上“金箍”,有利于防止短缺药品变成“暴利药品”。

不过,规范短缺药品价格秩序还要抓住关键。在笔者看来,关键之一在于市场竞争,只有围绕短缺药品生产供给,鼓励市场竞争,才能形成合理价格。关键之二在于惩罚,即对价格违法行为从严从重处罚,才能打破部分药企试图通过违法涨价、恶意控销等行为获得暴利的幻想。

据悉,短缺药品的特点之一是仅有少数一两家或两三家企业生产,这为药企进行价格垄断或联合垄断提供了便利。而垄断的结果便是药价猛涨,药企可获得垄断性利润。因此,须对短缺药品价格违法行为从严从重处罚,通过增加违法成本让药企不敢触碰法律红线。

但从实践来看,对药价垄断行为的惩罚力度似乎不够。比如有报道披露,近日有关部门对浙江新赛科药业有限公司、天津汉德威药业有限公司滥用市场支配地位,以不公平高价销售异烟肼原料药以及无正当理由拒绝交易一案依法作出处理决定,对两家公司罚款共计44.39万元。

这是有关部门针对一起原料药价格垄断案开出的罚单。可能在有的人看来,44万罚款足以让违法企业清醒。但有业内人士指出,“一些企业获取的暴利超亿元,上述罚款并不足以震慑违规企业。”的确,药企敢不敢价格违法,关键在于惩罚力度与违法所得的比例是否适当。

某些短缺药品是企业故意制造短缺,为下一步大幅提价进行铺垫。而制造短缺的手法之一是囤积居奇,这已涉嫌违规。在涨价过程中,通过哄抬价格达到目的,也涉嫌违法。也就是说,短缺药品无论是“短缺”还是大幅涨价,都有可能违法,都需要严厉惩罚。

不管是价格法还是反垄断法,惩罚违法行为的条款都有一定弹性,能否对药价违法行为准确裁量是对执法部门的考验。鉴于短缺药品价格违法既影响医改大局又损害群众权益,执法应该从严从重。当然,从严从重惩罚价格违法药企不能仅靠罚款,还应采取纳入“黑名单”、取消参与药品采购资格、禁止从事医药行业等措施。

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