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宇宙结构最新调查数据公布

2017-08-10 08:28:46   

科技日报北京8月9日电 (实习生马雨昕)我们的宇宙是由什么构成的?随着时间的推移,它的成分有哪些改变?据美国国家航空航天局(NASA)官网近日报道,由400多个科学家参与的国际合作项目“暗能量调查”(DES)分析了目前“成年”宇宙的成分,得出的结论与欧洲空间局普朗克卫星的测量十分接近。最新研究让科学家加深了对上述基本问题的认识,也更了解宇宙在过去140亿年中是如何衍变的。

现有最普遍接受的宇宙模型表明,宇宙的大部分是我们看不见的暗物质和暗能量。暗物质通过引力把星系和星系团聚在一起,而暗能量被推想为影响宇宙加速扩张的最大因素。关于暗物质和暗能量所占的比例,基于普朗克卫星数据作出的预测相对最为精确,它可以观测到来自宇宙大爆炸后40万年的光。

DES项目对最近的宇宙进行了调查。为了测量暗物质,科学家们先制作了星系位置图,然后用一种名为“引力透镜和星系集群”的新技术精确测量了2600万个星系的形状,直接绘制出了数十亿光年范围的暗物质地图。

他们发现,宇宙70%的能量是暗能量,25%为暗物质,其余则是普通物质,这一结果与普朗克卫星的精确测量吻合。研究还表明,暗能量的多少并未随着时间而改变,这与爱因斯坦提出的“宇宙常数”是一致的。

DES的研究结果对科学界来说尤其重要。这是首次通过引力透镜和星系集群技术来观测最近的宇宙——“成年”宇宙,得到了与通过观测来自“婴儿”宇宙的光——宇宙微波背景辐射同样精准的结果。

最新绘制的暗物质地图涵盖范围是2015年版本的10倍,并且还将继续扩大。未来两年内,研究人员还将公布5倍于此次研究规模的数据集。DES项目取得的进展对于即将在2020年代开展的两个太空任务——欧空局“欧几里得”(Euclid)任务和NASA广域红外测量望远镜任务的筹备工作也很重要。

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