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把转方式有效融入调结构之中

2017-08-08 06:33:56   中国青年网

伴随着经济总量的不断增长,内蒙古经济结构不断优化。70年来,全区产业结构、所有制结构、城乡和区域结构在不断调整中实现了一系列重大突破,经济发展的协调性大大增强。

自治区成立之初,经济十分落后,商品短缺,市场萧条。自治区从重视调整农、轻、重比例关系,到大力促进第三产业发展,基本实现了由以农业为主向三次产业协同发展的转变。

改革开放以来,农牧业完成了从自给半自给型的自然经济向现代农牧业商品经济过渡,工业的主导地位继续加强,三次产业结构比例更趋于合理。1978年与1947年相比,第一产业所占比重下降44个百分点,第二产业比重提高38.3个百分点,第三产业比重提高5.7个百分点。进入21世纪后,内蒙古加大了对资源的开发投入力度,使第二产业占GDP的比重提高较快,第一产业比重逐年下降,第三产业比重有所提高,2001年第三产业比重70年来首次突破40%。党的十八大以来,内蒙古积极进行经济结构调整,使三次产业结构向更加合理的方向发展。2016年,三次产业结构由1947年的76.7∶7.1∶16.2,进一步优化到8.8∶8.7∶42.5,形成了以工业为主体、农牧业为基础、第三产业蓬勃发展的产业结构。

在三次产业结构不断趋向优化合理的同时,农业、工业和服务业的内部结构也由单一向多元发展。农业已经基本改变了过去“农业-种植业-粮食”的高度单一和效率低下的结构模式,向“优质、高效、全面发展”的新型结构模式转变,农林牧渔业总产值中牧、渔业比重显著提高,种植业从单一粮食生产结构逐步向粮食作物、经济作物的多元化发展。工业作为国民经济的主导力量,正朝着传统产业新型化、新兴产业规模化、支柱产业多元化的现代工业新体系的方向阔步迈进,形成了以能源、冶金建材、化工、农畜产品加工、装备制造业和高新技术为主的6大优势产业。近几年,自治区先后出台了促进生产性服务业、生活性服务业、家庭、养老、健康、科技等服务业发展的实施意见,服务业内部结构不断调整优化,旅游、交通、金融、快递业等新兴行业快速发展。

1978年,公有制经济在全区工业总产值中所占的比重达到100%。改革开放以后,自治区党委、政府制定了多项鼓励非公经济发展的扶持政策,非公经济的地位逐步得到确立,取得了长足发展,所有制结构实现了从国有经济的一花独放到多种所有制经济共同发展转变,2016年,全区非公有制经济增加值占GDP比重达到64.4%。此外,自治区不断优化城乡结构和区域结构,城市化进程明显加快。1947年至2016年,全区人口增长了3.5倍,而城镇人口增长了21.5倍,乡村人口仅增长了1倍。以城带乡、以工促农,城乡二元结构不断优化,农村基础设施条件大为改善。在东北地区等老工业基地振兴战略、西部大开发战略、呼包鄂协同发展规划、呼包银榆经济区发展规划、沿黄沿线经济带建设、县域经济建设等一系列推进区域协调发展的政策措施下,自治区区域经济发展协调性明显增强。

优化结构未有穷期。努力推动产业结构的战略性调整,以结构调整推动经济发展,在经济发展中加快结构调整,祖国北部边疆这道风景线才会更加亮丽。

(作者为内蒙古自治区统计局副局长)

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