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NASA科学气球助力破解宇宙谜题:采样宇宙射线

2017-08-10 02:02:52   国际在线

科技日报北京8月9日电(记者刘霞)据美国国家航空航天局(NASA)官网9日报道,数十年来,NASA已朝地球大气层发射了多个科研气球,现在,这个“气球项目”再接再厉,其计划携带更多灵敏设备,调查宇宙起源以及研究宇宙射线。

调查宇宙起源的设备名为“原初暴胀极化探测器(PIPER)”,它将在未来数年进行一系列测试飞行,主要目标是证明宇宙暴胀理论——宇宙在大爆炸之后的瞬间,就扩展了1024倍。这一快速暴胀可能摇撼了时空的结构,产生了名为引力波的波纹。引力波会使宇宙最早的光——宇宙微波背景辐射发生扭曲,这就是所谓的极化。在宇宙微波背景中探测到这种极化模式将证明暴胀出现,帮助天体物理学家们更好地研究宇宙最初的情景。

PIPER将在四个不同的频率下,为整个宇宙“画像”,从而区分宇宙微波背景辐射中不同的扭曲模式以及宇宙尘埃产生的不同极化信号。PIPER首席研究员、戈达德太空飞行中心的艾·科格特说:“我们希望借验证暴胀理论进一步了解早期宇宙。”

PIPER的观测范围为地面之上20英里左右,而宇宙射线能量和质量(CREAM)设备飞得更高。“块头”仅为冰箱大小的CREAM在进行6个主要探测任务期间由气球运载,但它也能穿过地球的大气层进入太空,对宇宙射线采样。

宇宙射线是来自太阳系外的高能粒子,在接近光速飞行时会不断落入地球,但宇宙射线的准确起源以及它们如何加速穿过太空等诸多难题,仍有待更多研究才能破解。

按计划,CREAM将于8月前往国际空间站。CREAM项目联合负责人、马里兰大学的杰森·林克指出,NASA气球项目的主要用途之一是作为一个测试平台,对太空设备进行测试。实际上,很多设计太空探测任务的科学家最初都用气球进行实验,这个强大的训练场让科学家和工程师们受益匪浅。

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