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伊拉克库区独立公投赢得高支持率 分裂“石子”投向不平静的中东

2017-09-30 08:17:52   

虽然这次公投没有法律约束力,不会直接导致伊拉克库区宣布独立,然而伊拉克甚至中东不可避免地因此再生波澜。

库区借机积累筹码

库尔德人分散在伊拉克、伊朗、叙利亚和土耳其四国,共有约3000万人。事实上,他们独立建国的努力早在几十年前就已开始,虽然一直没有成功,但是独立的愿望由来已久,始终存在。

此次,伊拉克库尔德人为何迈出独立公投这一大步,并且脚步如此坚定?

上海国际问题研究院外交政策研究所所长李伟建在接受本报记者采访时分析指出,对伊拉克库尔德人而言,相比之前历次表达独立愿望的尝试,目前是举行公投条件最为成熟的时期。

“从国内层面来看,自萨达姆政府倒台之后,伊拉克一直处于四分五裂的状态,政府有效控制能力下降,库尔德人的地位有所上升;从地区层面来看,叙利亚自身难保,伊朗、土耳其两国则与美国等西方关系紧张,存在各种问题。库尔德人自身凭借在打击‘伊斯兰国’的行动中发挥主要作用,积累了经验和能力,也赢得美俄等域外大国的援助,在地区获得一定优势;从国际层面来看,美国因为还要继续借助库尔德人的力量打击‘伊斯兰国’,因此对独立公投反对力度不大,不至于因此翻脸。”李伟建说

近年来,伊拉克库区一直享有较高的自治权,拥有自己的议会、政府和军队,在客观上有了自己独立的内政和外交体系。如今,随着中东地缘政治版图急剧变化,一方面库尔德人在中东的整体力量日益做强,另一方面与库尔德人相关的中东国家力量遭到不同程度的削弱,这也让伊拉克库区举行独立公投的底气更足。

还有分析认为,伊拉克库区此次公投和近来打击“伊斯兰国”极端组织取得实质性进展也有关系。

上海外国语大学中东研究所所长刘中民在接受采访时指出,伊拉克库尔德人认为,他们在美国中东战略中的重要位置,源于其在打击“伊斯兰国”战斗中的作用。随着目前伊拉克战场和叙利亚战场对“伊斯兰国”的打击接近尾声,他们担心自身的战略价值今后可能有所下降,因此要抓住最后的“窗口期”,引起更多关注,为之后和伊拉克中央政府争取更多利益积累筹码。

加剧中东分裂趋势

公投结果揭晓之前,有外媒分析指出,投赞成票不会导致伊拉克库区宣布独立,而会作为其推动独立谈判的第一步。

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