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专访:为了让巴西人了解今天的中国——访巴西翻译家阿尔米顿·雷斯

2017-08-27 14:05:43   新华网

新华社圣保罗8月26日电 专访:为了让巴西人了解今天的中国——访巴西翻译家阿尔米顿·雷斯

新华社记者王正润

傍晚时分,在巴西圣保罗的家中,翻译家阿尔米顿·雷斯坐在摇椅上入迷地读着老舍《骆驼祥子》的中文版。中国诺贝尔文学奖获得者莫言作品的第一部葡萄牙语译本就出自他之手。

雷斯的中文名叫何觅东。1990年,雷斯在圣保罗大学就读时接触到中文,对中国和中国文化产生浓厚兴趣。为深入学习中文,他前往中国四川大学留学一年,学习对外汉语课程。此后,他还通过自学或跟私人教师学习汉语,并在北京工作和生活了6年。

与大多数外向热情、活泼好动的巴西人不同,人到中年的雷斯安静文雅,甚至有些腼腆。此前记者曾多次致电,他都以不善言谈谢绝采访。在朋友劝说下,他终于答应,但仍表示自己是一个糟糕的采访对象,可能会让记者失望而归。

这样一个内敛的巴西人,与莫言从未谋面,但通过翻译其作品,与莫言在灵魂深处进行了一场美妙的邂逅:2013年,他翻译了莫言的中篇小说《变》,2015年又翻译了莫言长篇小说《蛙》。

雷斯说,莫言的作品将中国的乡土风貌、近代历史与魔幻现实主义融合在一起,但这些文化和历史的片段,对巴西读者而言十分陌生。因此,如何用巴西人能够接受的方式同时又原汁原味地展现莫言作品精髓,是他面对的最棘手的难题。

“在翻译中首先要抓住莫言作品的语言特点,然后用葡语进行再创作,以展现其作品精髓。”他举例说,莫言作品使用了大量乡土语言,具有浓厚的区域性特色。为了展现这一特征,他在翻译中也运用了大量的巴西乡村语言。为了让读者感受到作品的中国情调,他还创造性地使用了一些葡语中没有的句式。

过多乡村语言的应用甚至让出版社怀疑他的葡语水平,并在第一次编辑时把他精心使用的表达方式当成错误加以修改或删除。“我不得不用比翻译作品更长的翻译手记,向出版社编辑解释为什么要这样翻译、这种方式要表达什么。”

另外,如何让巴西读者理解莫言作品中每一个人物名字的含义也让雷斯特别头痛。他说,出版社并不想在作品中插入太多注释,因为那样会破坏阅读的连贯性。但不注释读者又无法了解人物名字的意义。

雷斯认为,翻译作品几乎不可能完全展现原文所有的思想和语言特点,翻译中总会丢失一些东西。目前已有一些中国当代作家的葡语版作品在巴西出版,但大部分是从英译作品而来,不能很好地表现中国文化特色。因此,他都是读中文原著,并寻求中国朋友和老师的帮助,解答疑难语句,同时也会参考一些英文或西班牙文的翻译方法和处理方式。

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