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国家版权局前副局长阎晓宏:独家音乐版权影响行业

2017-08-24 23:16:13   中国青年网

8月24日,人民教育出版社与沪江教育联合主办的“互联网环境下的知识产权共享与版权保护”论坛在北京举行。会上,曾任国家新闻出版广电总局副局长、国家版权局副局长,现任中国版权协会理事长的阎晓宏在主题发言中指出,音乐版权不能太过于独家,腾讯音乐娱乐集团拿着独家版权不给网易云音乐用,这是需要思考的问题。

据了解,在“互联网环境下的知识产权共享与版权保护”论坛上,曾任国家版权局副局长的阎晓宏做了《尊重原创 共享共赢》的主题发言。在主题演讲中,阎晓宏谈到了音乐版权共享的问题,在他看来,音乐版权不能太过于独家,否则会影响音乐的传播。阎晓宏以近期处于版权纠纷的腾讯音乐娱乐集团和网易云音乐为例,指出说腾讯音乐娱乐集团拿着独家音乐版权不让网易云音乐使用,是需要思考的问题。

那么,独家版权模式究竟有哪些不利因素呢?

第一,独家版权模式违背了音乐传播和版权保护的最终目的,即保护音乐作品的创作和传播。音乐是人民群众喜闻乐见的文化载体,优秀的音乐能给人鼓舞,而独家版权政策下,版权必然垄断在一家手中,传播范围、影响受众都有限制,长此以往,音乐行业的发展也会受到影响。

第二,独家版权模式是哄抬版权价格的幕后推手。一旦进入独家版权模式,版权必然成为各家争夺的稀缺资源,甚至成为关系到平台生死存亡的“命门”。音乐平台为了获得独家版权,必然相互竞价,在无形中抬升版权价格,使版权方收益。

第三,独家版权模式搅乱了音乐市场的公平竞争。在独家版权模式下,如果某一平台取得版权后,其他平台为了获取转授,只能仰人鼻息,无法展开公平竞争。阿里音乐旗下的天天动听和虾米音乐就是鲜活的案例,2013年,天天动听用户数超过2亿,而虾米音乐(当时称虾米音乐网)的注册用户数也超过2000万,是文艺青年的聚集地,但由于阿里和腾讯没有达成版权转授协议,两个平台上可以收听的歌曲急剧减少,如今,天天动听已经关停,而虾米音乐的市场份额也降到5%以下。

第四,独家版权模式损害用户体验。独家版权模式形成后,各家音乐平台各出奇招,很可能形成各家平台手中都握有一部分版权的形式,而用户为了收听自己喜爱的音乐,也不得不下载多个APP在手机中,来回切换,体验极差。另一方面,获得最多版权的平台,更有可能以版权为壁垒,强留用户,不在产品功能方面创新,这都是非常伤害用户体验的。更何况,高昂的版权采购成本,最终买单的依然是用户,让无辜用户沦为受害者,这是非常不道德的。

第五,独家版权模式也违背了互联网精神。开放、平等、协作、快速、分享,这是互联网创建的初衷,也是互联网生命力之所在。正是在互联网精神的影响下,全球几十亿网民不分人种、国籍、语言,公平享有互联网成长所带来的便利与福祉。而独家版权模式,却无视开放、平等、分享的互联网精神,好音乐不能公开传播,好音乐无法彼此分享,那音乐的意义也就不复存在了。

音乐是公共文化产品,更是人民群众文化消费的必需品,独家版权模式并不可取,已经不辩自明,而这也需要政府相关部门、以及整个行业来共同维护。

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