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揭秘:红军卫生员为什么被称为“红菩萨”

2016-12-06 14:19:35   

“红菩萨”的故事要从红军长征说起。1935年春,中央红军长征辗转来到贵州遵义。红军在遵义深入发动群众的时候,得知当地流行伤寒。当时,伤寒在当地是不治之症。红三军团五师十三团有一个广西百色籍的卫生员,叫龙思泉,家里世代行医。他根据祖传秘方配制中草药治好了当地老乡的伤寒,人们奔走相告,说红军可神了,是活菩萨,能使人起死回生。

红三军团准备撤离遵义的前一天晚上,一个十几岁的孩子来到红军卫生队,一进门就跪在龙思泉面前哭诉说:“红军先生,请救救我父亲吧!”龙思泉连忙搀起他,问明情况并请示后,就背起药箱随这个孩子一起前往。

位于贵州遵义市红军山上的红军女卫生员铜像。

他们走了20多里路,才来到病人家中。龙思泉顾不上休息,立即给病人检查并开了药方。由于当时没有特效药,病人高烧未退,他就一直留在病人家里,观察病情变化,以便及时治疗。到天亮时,龙思泉见病人的高烧退了,又给配了几副药,便准备返回部队。然而,当他推开房门时,只见门前的晒谷场上挤满了乡亲。原来,红军神医来治病的消息,一个晚上就传遍了全村和邻近的村寨,站在这里的人大半都是来求医问药的。龙思泉见前来治病的乡亲越来越多,只好暂时中止行程,抓紧时间给群众诊病治疗。一直到下午,仍有乡亲接二连三赶来看病。不得已,他又在这个小山村忙了一夜。

次日清晨,他离开山村,赶回部队。20多里路,他一刻也没敢耽搁,终于赶回部队驻地。但是,红军部队已经出发了。驻地房东把营长留下的一张纸条交给他,纸条上写着让他沿着出发的路线去追赶部队。龙思泉心里非常着急,水也顾不上喝一口,背起红十字包就走。周围的乡亲们对龙思泉感情至深,大家纷纷前来给他送行,有几位青壮年一直送他到郊外,才依依不舍地目送他离去。

龙思泉告别了热情的乡亲,立刻迈开大步,急速赶路。可他刚走上一条林间小路,忽然从前方树林里蹿出几个凶残的地主武装分子,把枪口对准他的胸口,开枪射击。霎时,枪声响彻山林。

送别的乡亲们正在回家的路上,突然听到几声枪声,感到事情不好,急忙赶来时,年轻的红军卫生员已躺在血泊中,3颗罪恶的子弹打穿了他的胸膛,鲜血染红了身下的土地。噩耗传开,附近村庄的群众都拥到这片松林,山坡上下挤满了人群,许多人流下了悲痛的眼泪。后来,乡亲们找了一块向阳干燥的山坡,将他埋葬在那里,还立了块石碑。但大家连龙思泉是何方人士、姓甚名谁都不清楚,最后只好在碑上刻上“红军坟”3个字。

群众不仅深切缅怀红军卫生员,甚至相信死去的红军“神医”能保佑人们平安,能为人们消灾除病。红军卫生员给当地老百姓治病的故事一传十、十传百、百传千,人民群众的良好愿望更增加了“红军坟”的种种传说色彩。于是,“红菩萨”救穷人、“红菩萨”显圣等等传说不胫而走,百里之内,遐迩盛传。许多没钱看病的乡亲们就把希望寄托在“红军坟”上,到这里凭吊、祈求的人常年不断,“红军坟”香火不绝。虔诚的乡民有的甚至说坟前的香灰是治病的良药,吃了包治百病。故事流传得越来越广,越来越神奇。渐渐地,红军卫生员演化成当地百姓心中的神灵。直到今天,人们还把这位卫生员称为“红菩萨”。

从红军撤离遵义到全国解放的十多年时间里,当地人民群众不断与国民党反动派作斗争,甚至冒着生命危险保护“红军坟”,使其得以完整地保存下来。1953年,人民政府在小龙山建造“遵义红军烈士陵园”时,决定把这座“红军坟”迁入陵园,并重新竖立一块高大的“红军坟”墓碑。如今,前来“红军坟”祭奠的群众还是那样络绎不绝。人们把美丽的鲜花和深情的怀念留在这里,也把“红菩萨”的动人故事记在心中。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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