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学者:延迟退休等养老顶层设计方案已确定 未对外公布

2017-05-31 07:55:04   第一财经网

我们在计算养老保险基金的收支状况时与政府部门地方的分歧在于财政补助是否可以算作制度的收入来源。我们所言的“收不抵支”是指征缴收入小于支出,财政补助是制度外的收入,不能通过财政补助来判定一个制度的收支状况。

现在的情况是由于养老保险缺乏应有的精算平衡,也缺乏预决算的程序。

第一财经:十八届三中全会首次提出养老保险制度要坚持精算平衡,您认为应该用“精算平衡”来代替“再分配平衡”原因是什么?

郑秉文:当前关于社保的公平理念有必要用“精算公平”代替“再分配公平”。精算本来是一个很专业的术语,写入三中全会文件,是从来没有过的。我个人认为这是一个历史进步,说明政府认识到保险制度要用精算平衡去约束。

精算平衡的含义是代际之间,当代和未来、收入和支出、退休和交费人之间的大平衡,各个参数之间要有基本的平衡关系。其中,实现和坚持多缴多得原则很重要。

强调多缴多得,参保人满意,没有道德风险;制度收入也令人满意,因为在道德风险受到抑制的情况下,大家的缴费都是实实在在的,没有藏奸耍滑,这样,制度的收入就真实起来了,各个参数就匹配了,可持续性就提高了。

制度改革比单纯找钱更长远

第一财经:个人账户的空账问题一直都备受关注,2015年,个人账户的累计记账额已经高达4.7万亿元,下一步个人账户的改革应该何去何从?

郑秉文:2015年个人账户的累计记账额已经高达4.7万亿元,其中,实实在在积累的资金还不到3300亿元,空账高达4.4万亿元。

需要引起注意的一个现象是,截至2015年底,全国所有做实个人账户的省份累计结余为3274亿元,比2014年底减少了1727亿元,降幅为34.53%。这是2001年做实个人账户试点以来的首次下降。

我认为,向名义账户转型和扩大个人账户比例是一个事情的两个侧面,是缺一不可的:只有转型,才能扩大账户;只有扩大账户,制度才能增加激励性,费基才能做实。

所以,仅仅向名义账户制转型,而没有扩大账户比例,那就浪费了制度红利。改革要接地气!改革方案要听取民意。我这里再次强调,所谓扩大个人账户比例,是指从企业单位的缴费20%那里划出一大部分给个人账户,个人缴费比例并不提高,反而可以下降,个人的负担降低了,但获得实惠多了。

第一财经:您最近表示制度改革比单纯找钱的作用更长远。您认为当前还应该尽快推进哪些制度改革?

郑秉文:我认为,我国这么高的费率都很难降下来,肯定不是因为缺钱,所以不用四处找钱,缺的是制度的结构性改革,是制度的管理出了问题,问题在内部,不在外部,所以在外部找钱就必然忽略了内部的制度改革,这才是供给侧结构性改革中真正应该做的事情。

责任编辑:丁勇 CN007
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