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媒体:提前退休占30% 削弱人们对延迟退休的认同

2017-05-07 06:32:19   新京报

■社论

某些公职人员违规先退,无论是对养老金的套取,还是办特殊工种证明的灰色手段,都涉嫌违规。

据报道,就在官方不断论证延迟退休的必要性时,多地非正常提前退休现象却悄然增多。人社部社会保障研究所所长金维刚日前披露,当前“未老先退”问题突出,有的地区提前退休占到当年退休人员的30%。

在延迟退休已成定数的语境下,非正常提前退休现象增多,甚至出现“提前退休者占比30%”的惊人情况,这太不合理。它非但会削弱很多人对“延迟退休”的认同,还会加剧目前养老保险基金的支出压力——现有社保制度设计中,养老金结余情况、上调幅度等都有精算,精算只能依据正常情况下的生命表、统计数据等来模拟测算。高比例的提前退休,极易导致测算出现偏差,进而影响养老基金池子的安全。

以提前退休规避被延迟退休,在利益动机上不难理解。但现实中,很多违规先退的都是公职人员,他们先退,或许还涉及腐败。

2015年发改委就业和收入分配改革司人士就曾透露,在有的地方特别是地市一级,出现了退休年龄54岁现象,有地方政府还鼓励提前退休,部分国企则出现了退休后退休金比退休前收入还高的情况。

早前中青社会调查中心民调亦显示,提前退休和离岗现象多发单位依次是:行政单位(51.9%)、事业单位(25.1%)、国企(19.8%)、私企(1.6%)、外企(0.5%)。该数据仍待确证,但早前有地方干部提前退休提高三级工资,说明乱象之严重。

对有些公职人员来说,原来养老并轨前养老金大都按照在职工资80%计发,改革后不确定性增加,自然也有更强的提前退休动机。

但违规先退,少交且多拿养老金,无异于对养老金的套取侵占。在网上,就有人称其“啃其他人的老”。

不止如此,很多人办提前退休的手段也涉及腐败:像通过行贿手段办理特殊工种等证明、得到领导批准,抑或是违规修改年龄。无论是靠背景还是特殊手段,违规先退背后都难避存在猫腻之嫌。

要有效化解“提前退休者占比30%”现象,需要当下针对公务员的提前退休年龄规定(“工作年限满三十年”或“距国家规定的退休年龄不足五年,且工作年限满二十年”)进行调适规范,使公务员退休制度在年龄安排上逐渐与企业职工全面并轨;也要通过“完善个人账户制度”、“健全多缴多得激励机制”等改革,使得先退、延退领取的养老金有别,让延迟退休变得“更划算”。

但对于很多公职人员违规先退现象,更有必要的,是纳入反腐规制的视角。有关方面不妨对机关事业单位、国企提前退休的办理环节强化监督,进行合规性筛查,也鼓励举报。

而针对通过“更改年龄、搞到特殊工种证明”等非法方式骗取“提前退休”现象,该以诈骗罪追究刑责的,就该依法追责——要知道,2014年全国人大相关法律解释已明确,“以欺诈、伪造证明材料……骗取养老等社会保险金,属于刑法第266条规定的诈骗公私财物的行为”。

不能让违规提前退休这类“潜在腐败”广泛存在,更不能容其潜滋暗长。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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