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学者:延迟退休等养老顶层设计方案已确定 未对外公布

2017-05-31 07:55:04   第一财经网

然而,通过非正常缴费来增加制度收入是一个饮鸩止渴的办法。短期来看增加了12%的收入,但长期来看扩大了制度的风险。

第一财经:您认为中央政府和地方政府的道德风险是全国统筹难以实现的根本原因?

郑秉文:养老保险顶层设计实际上也被政府的道德风险绑架了,无论是中央政府还是地方政府均看重短期利益而不去防范未来的风险,这对于养老保险制度来说是不利的。

过度扩面增加制度不公

第一财经:去年末出版的《中国养老金发展报告2016》中提到基本养老保险制度2015年出现参保人数增速下滑,浙江已经出现了参保人数的负增长,是什么原因造成这种状况?

郑秉文:养老保险制度的覆盖面是有规律的,不可能达到劳动人口百分之百都缴费。这些年我国养老保险是一个成长性的制度,扩大覆盖面的成就很大,覆盖比率与目前的就业结构大致还是相匹配的。当制度的覆盖面逐渐走向成熟之后,参保人数的增长率是一定会下降的。

当前的形势是,覆盖面存在着两个极端情况,一个是从全国范围来看,还有1亿多人没覆盖进来;另一个是从个别地区的局部来看,存在着“过度扩面”的现象,这就是统筹层次低下导致的,他们在打政策“擦边球”,目的是为了扩大当前收入。

第一财经:近年来养老保险制度出现的一个情况是越来越多的参保职工没有缴费,目前每5个职工就有大约1个是没有缴费的,这对于养老保险制度来说意味着什么?

郑秉文:我更为看重的是制度设计存在问题,政策执行也存在问题,这些问题导致断保人口比例不断提高,也就是说,是制度存在问题导致的。

参保人增速的下降是对现行制度的一个警告。虽然政府部门正在推行“全民参保计划”,但不应该再指望通过“过度扩面”来成为增加制度收入的机制,而是需考虑尽快对现行制度进行改革来增加可持续性。

养老保险需引入精算平衡

第一财经:2015年养老保险基金的当期结余和累计结余都出现不同程度的下降。这些年虽然累计结余总额在增加,但个人账户的记账额增幅更快,养老保险制度资产和负债的缺口正在扩大。按照现在的发放速度,如果制度不改,累计结余是否真的有耗尽的风险?

郑秉文:基本养老保险基金累计结余的增长是因为不同省份混起来一起算的。现实的情况是由于统筹层次过低,有些省份的累计结余一直在增加,而一多半省份则是收不抵支。

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