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房价到顶了吗?万科副总裁长文解析房市走向

2016-10-03 08:51:28   重庆时报

在大量量化分析中,我们发现是以下两个指标组合,是迄今为止最有解释力的:

(1)居民部门利息保障倍数=居民总储蓄/利息支出,临界点为1.5倍。

(2)新房名义市值对居民最大购买力占用比例=(私人部门房屋新开工套数×当年新房均价)/(居民部门总储蓄信用净增长-本年利息支出),房价下跌临界点为60%,大跌临界点为80%。

根据国际历史数据,我们发现,当居民部门利息保障倍数高于1.5倍时,基本没有国家/地区发生过房价大跌情况。美国在第一次大涨顶峰期,家庭总储蓄对利息偿还的覆盖倍数为2.14,2007年时只有1.46;日本第一次时为3.75,1989年时只有1.49;台湾在1997年时有3.4倍,而香港仅为1.23;芬兰在1989年时只有0.73,2007年时有1.55,同期西班牙仅为0.99。

而出现泡沫破裂的,大部分在顶峰期第二个指标都超过了80%,也就是说,即使居民部门将绝大多数可用于投资的资金全部用于购房,也不一定能够消化供应。

以下是一些典型的对比案例:

在这些案例中,除美国2007年以外,其他案例中第二个指标都具备解释力。而美国2007年之所以例外,是因为之前家庭部门信用净增长很大,降低了分母。


这个数量分析模型,我们将中国当前数据代入,从数字上可以基本确认,短期内中国并不存在整体性房价大跌的风险。

第一个指标,居民部门利息保障倍数,在2015年为10.4,按照未来十年房贷CAGR达到20%预测,到2025年也不会突破安全边际1.5。

再看第二个指标,新房名义市值对居民最大购买力占用比例,按“城镇住房新开工面积×销售均价”未来五年CAGR不超过11.8%、未来十年CAGR不超5%预测,2020年、2025年也不会触及60%的警戒线,更不会达到80%的临界线。

所以,从国际经验来看,目前过早得出“中国房价已经严重泡沫化”或者“泡沫即将破灭”的结论,是值得商榷的。

但是,目前土地市场上,“面粉贵过面包”的情况值得高度警惕。尤其在部分城市,楼面地价已经明显超过当前房价,这意味着房价如果不涨到现在的三倍,买地的开发商将无法获得正常利润。但如果未来房价以如此猛烈的速度上涨的话,我们上面的预测将难以成立,也就是说,目前房价的涨幅是值得忧虑的,如果这个涨幅维持下去,可能会导致大周期提前到来,以日本模式结束。

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