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国企员工持股分红激励驶入快车道 工作3年可成股东

2016-03-21 07:49:28   中国青年报

但是,唐大杰也认为,《办法》对国企内部的科技创新和人才培养的作用有限,主要因为《办法》对实行股权和分红激励的国有科技型企业做了分类,并分别对股权和分红激励划定了上限。“实际上股权和分红的多少应该由企业董事会和股东大会决定,不应该由政府决定。”

中国企业研究院首席研究员李锦认为,国企员工持股是逐步推进的过程,《办法》要求首先在科技型国企中开展,既是国企内部“按资分配”往前迈进的重要一步,也是国企改革系列文件和政策的落实行动之一。

此外,李锦还强调,与允许国企员工持股相伴而来的问题是混合所有制改革。要想鼓励和留住人才,进一步推进国企员工持股或分红激励,还需要进一步推进国企内部混合所有制改革,打出“组合拳”。

从试点到政策

作为一种中长期激励方式,国企员工持股或分红的政策曾成就了不少优秀的企业。

周放生举例说,在上世纪90年代初,中国科学院把联想集团的一部分分红权给了员工,调动了员工的积极性,“每一元钱的利润里,员工能拿三毛五”。周放生认为,联想后来的长远发展得益于最初的分红权改革。

作为一项面向全国推行的政策,国有科技型企业员工持股或分红激励的政策曾在多地开展过试点。2010年,国务院确定,在中关村国家自主创新示范区开展企业股权和分红激励试点工作。此后,试点政策陆续推广至武汉东湖、上海张江等国家自主创新示范区及安徽合芜蚌等自主创新综合试验区。

中国青年报记者梳理后发现,此前各地开展的企业员工持股或分红激励的试点各有特色。上海张江高新区是国内较早开展国有企业员工持股和分红激励试点的地区,这里的试点主要针对从事创新创业的国有企业、高等院校、科研机构,这些机构或企业可采取股权奖励、股权出售、股票期权、增值权奖励等方式,对技术人员和管理人员进行激励。

与上海的试点类似,武汉东湖国家自主创新示范区的企业股权和分红激励试点主要聚焦于高新产业,先后有34家企业开展了股权激励试点,业务范围涵盖光电子、软件服务外包、生物制药等,涉及中央企业、市属国企、高等院校、科研院所等不同类别的企业。

合肥的试点经验则将实行股权激励的企业范围进一步扩大。截至2013年11月,合肥市累计有127家企业列入股权和分红激励试点,有32家企业完成试点方案制定,其中有15家采取股权激励,17家采取分红激励。

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