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国企员工持股分红激励驶入快车道 工作3年可成股东

2016-03-21 07:49:28   中国青年报

值得注意的是,合肥的试点经验不仅限于国企,还鼓励民营文化企业开展股权和分红激励试点,对于完成试点的企业,给予不超过20万元的补助。

其他地方的试点则大多参考北京市中关村的试点经验。2010年,财政部、科技部印发的《中关村国家自主创新示范区企业股权和分红激励实施办法》规定,中关村示范区内的高等院校和科研院所以科技成果作价入股的企业,可以实施科技成果转化的激励分配机制;企业用于股权奖励和股权出售的激励总额,不得超过近3年税后利润形成的净资产增值额的35%。其中,激励总额用于股权奖励的部分不得超过50%。

根据媒体报道,2009年,中关村最初实施股权激励的有6家企业,到2011年时,中关村已有350家单位申请参加包括股权激励在内的试点,其中中央单位146家,北京市属单位204家。

有分析指出,与各地此前的试点政策相比,《办法》进一步扩大了企业适用的范围,提高了股权激励的总体额度,增强了对科技型初创企业的激励作用;同时,在突出对科技型企业引导功能的同时,严格把控股权奖励尺度,防止国有资产流失。

划定“国资流失红线”

“国有资产流失是一顶非常可怕的帽子,很多人担心被戴上这个帽子,所以怕犯错误,不敢推进员工激励、混合所有制等改革。”李锦分析,在鼓励国企创新和激励人才以外,《办法》还对涉及国有资产流失的问题做出了较为详细的规定。

在企业方面,《办法》明确,大型企业的股权激励总额不超过企业总股本的5%;中型企业的股权激励总额不超过企业总股本的10%;小微型企业的股权激励总额不超过企业总股本的30%,且单个激励对象获得的激励股权不得超过企业总股本的3%。

此外,《办法》还规定,企业不能因实施股权激励而改变国有控股地位,大、中型企业不得采取股权期权的激励方式,企业用于股权奖励的激励额不超过近3年税后利润累计形成的净资产增值额的15%,企业实施股权奖励,必须与股权出售相结合。股权奖励的激励对象仅限于在本企业连续工作3年以上的重要技术人员。

而在分红激励的对象方面,《办法》也做出了明确规定:国有科技企业的激励对象应当在该岗位上连续工作1年以上,且原则上每次激励人数不超过企业在岗职工总数的30%。激励对象获得的岗位分红所得不高于其薪酬总额的2/3。激励对象自离岗当年起,不再享有原岗位分红权。

唐大杰认为,之所以做出这么详细的规定,是担心在推进股权和分红激励过程中失去控制,可能把国有企业的国有股权都“激励”出去了。

李锦表示,《办法》在企业和员工两个层面对国企股权和分红激励划定了明确的标准和上限,一方面属于防止国有资产流失的正常举措,另一方面对国企科技人才获得分红和股权激励来说也是一颗“定心丸”,为国企内部分配体制和混合所有制改革起着“红线保护”的意义。

此外,李锦还注意到,之前各地的国企股权和分红激励试点可能存在着政出多门、政策之间相互“打架”等问题,主要原因在于各部门出台的政策没有协同推进。他预测,此次《办法》由财政部、科技部、国资委联合发布,可以合理推进改革,减少政策“打架”等类似事件再次发生的可能。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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