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不必过度解读中国企业“走出去”

2016-12-26 17:00:08   

越来越多的中国企业到海外投资建厂,是企业积极融入全球的创新网络、制造网络和市场网络的必然选择,也是企业走向国际化、构建全球商业版图必须迈出的重要一步。随着越来越多的企业到海外投资,不仅可以推动我国生产要素双向流动和资源配置更加国际化,也可以倒逼国内企业对不合理的产业结构进行调整,减少“中国制造”进入国际市场的阻力

最近一段时间以来,福耀玻璃斥资6亿美元在美国俄亥俄州投资建厂的新闻引发各界关注。随着这条新闻持续发酵,一些媒体更是惊呼“曹德旺跑了”。

其实,近年来,像福耀玻璃这样到海外去投资办厂的中国企业不胜枚举。例如,国内工程机械领域的龙头企业三一集团早已经在印度、巴西、德国和美国建立了工厂;比亚迪、力帆等国内自主品牌巨头也已在海外改扩建工厂,积极拓展“中国汽车制造”的市场等等。

中国企业纷纷到海外投资建厂,是基于企业自身战略布局而做出的投资决策。这些中国企业“走出去”,有的是为了获得技术,有的是为了获得市场渠道,有的是为了获得资源,但总的来说都是为了企业转型升级和获得更好的发展。

长期以来,我国坚持对外开放的基本国策,敞开大门搞建设,大规模、高水平地“引进来”。30多年来,凭借着在生产要素领域的比较优势和巨大的市场潜力,中国吸引了全球许多投资者的目光,一大批国际跨国企业来华投资。这些跨国资本和跨国企业的到来,为中国的现代化建设提供了必要的资金、先进的技术、宝贵的管理经验、众多的国际化人才,对促进中国经济发展发挥了积极作用。

随着中国经济规模的进一步扩大,中国企业竞争力的进一步增强,一些行业和企业积累了较为充裕的资金,部分生产技术、工艺水平、管理能力在国际市场上也具备了较为明显的比较优势。特别是在经济全球化浪潮的涤荡下,越来越多的中国企业具备了“走出去”参与全球范围内资源配置的能力,也有打造全球价值链、产业链、供应链的动力。

从政策层面看,中国政府始终积极鼓励国内优势企业跨出国门,积极探寻中外产能合作,拓展企业的发展空间,提高中国产品和服务的国际竞争力,推进外贸结构优化升级,使中国能够以更加积极的姿态推动更加公正合理的国际经济秩序的建设,使中国同外部世界的互动持续加深。

在多重因素的共同推动下,越来越多的中国企业大踏步地迈上了“走出去”的征程。商务部发布的数据显示,今年前11个月,我国境内投资者共对全球164个国家和地区的7500多家境外企业进行了非金融类直接投资,累计投资金额10696.3亿元人民币,同比增长55.3%。目前,我国已经成为全球第二大对外投资国,中国企业对外投资的规模在扩大、领域日趋多元化,民营企业的对外投资更是呈现爆炸式增长,我国已经成为直接投资领域的资本净输出国。

由此可见,越来越多的实力企业到海外投资建厂,是企业积极融入全球的创新网络、制造网络和市场网络的必然选择,也是企业走向国际化、构建全球商业版图必须迈出的重要一步。而且,随着越来越多的企业到海外投资,不仅可以推动我国生产要素双向流动和资源配置更加国际化,也可以倒逼国内企业对不合理的产业结构进行调整,更能帮助中国企业绕开各种贸易壁垒,减少“中国制造”进入国际市场的阻力。

总之,越来越多的中国企业到海外投资建厂、收购并购,原因是国际市场有需求、中国经济有能力、政府政策有支撑、企业有主动“走出去”的动力。我们应该用更加客观而理性的眼光来看待中国企业“走出去”,大可不必对中国企业海外建厂过度解读,更不能因此对中国制造失去信心。

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