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潘际銮院士:把自己与祖国的发展“焊”在一起

2016-01-31 13:22:16   哈尔滨工业大学

1943年春天,潘际銮考入政府为照顾回国华侨子弟办的中山中学,插班进入高中第二学期。潘际銮是以各门功课第一的优异成绩考进该校的。学校虽然不要学费、免费食宿,可是食宿条件极差。

1944年秋天,潘际銮被保送进西南联大。抗日战争胜利后,他又到了清华大学机械系学习。

求学哈工大,与“焊”结缘

新中国诞生后的第二年,教育部决定选派一批优秀青年教师到哈工大进修俄语,为全面学习苏联、改革教育做准备。潘际銮由清华大学推荐,于1950年秋天来到了哈工大。一到哈工大,他立即投入了紧张的突击式的俄语学习。仅半年的时间,潘际銮已经能和苏联的老师、学生用俄语熟练地交流了。这时的哈工大已被确定为学习苏联教育经验的重点大学,教育部又决定把潘际銮这批俄语进修生全部转为研究生,在苏联专家的指导下进行深造和研究。

“在哈工大读研究生期间,导师指导我如何做研究,我理解了应该怎样去研究一个问题,怎样自己把问题搞清楚,怎么做学问,这些都是在哈工大学习的。”潘际銮的导师是焊接专家普洛霍洛夫,他是前苏联莫斯科鲍曼工业学院教授,是当时苏联派往哈工大50多位专家中唯一的一位教授、博士,在焊接的理论和实践上都有较高的造诣。潘际銮一生从此与焊接结下不解之缘。

潘际銮知道焊接技术是一门新兴的先进技术,国内还是一片空白,这门发展中的技术一定会在新中国的未来经济建设中发挥重要作用,精通焊接技术的高级人才是国家迫切的需要。因此,他主动报名攻读焊接专业。当时自愿学习焊接专业的研究生一共有6个人,师从普洛霍洛夫。当他报名学习焊接时,一些清华、北大的老师开玩笑说:“你专门到哈工大去学焊洋铁壶、修自行车有什么意思呢?”这反映了当时人们对焊接的看法。

普洛霍洛夫指导潘际銮选择的研究方向“焊接中的热裂纹”是焊接技术中一个前沿问题,也是在国际上一直存在争议的问题。在普洛霍洛夫指导下,潘际銮利用纯铝制成条状试件,对金属的脆性温度阶段内的强度、塑性和温度、变形速度等因素的关系进行了深入的实验研究。普洛霍洛夫是一位很重视实验并善于进行实验的导师,而潘际銮也充分发挥自身的动手能力和实验才干。没有现成的拉伸设备,他用一台旧车床改装成符合要求的拉力机。为了使试件温度均匀并不会由于自重而断裂,他巧妙地把铝试件平托在一个铜模上,收到了良好的效果。通过实验,他不仅进一步验证了某些关于金属变形和断裂的理论,而且获得了一些很有价值的重要发现。

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