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专家:京津冀单位面积煤耗是全球平均值30倍

2016-12-25 14:03:10   科技日报

12月23日,中国工程院院士杜祥琬参加了中国科学报社举办的“2016绿色中国发展论坛”并发表演讲。原本他演讲的题目是中国能源的低碳转型战略。但12月中旬华北地区持续几天的严重霾天气成了人们最关注的话题,这使杜祥琬也“不得不”从霾谈起:“霾的成分现在搞清楚了,那我的演讲就从霾的‘供给侧’根源说起。”

杜祥琬是从事能源研究的,现任国家能源咨询专家委员会副主任。他说,这些年来我们投资高耗能产业驱动经济增长,走的是传统工业化路线,产能过剩、低环境标准的建设产生了压缩型、复合型的环境污染。

除了资本要素,粗放的城市化增长速度快于环境保护速度也是重要因素。杜祥琬说,我们的汽车数量增长很快,而且很多人攀比大排量的车,油品的质量又比较低。“GDP很硬,环保很软,污染超过了环境的容量,成了一种非线性爆发的趋势。”

此外还有资源、能源的低效高碳投入。杜祥琬给大家算了一笔账:在京津冀地区,单位平方公里每年消耗的煤炭是全球平均值的30倍。中国煤炭的消耗,有一半是用来发电的,剩下一半是直接燃烧的。我们每年的散烧煤有7—8亿吨,而一吨散烧煤燃烧产生的污染比发电煤产生的污染要多5到10倍。“中国现在是资源的价格低,污染的成本低,能源结构高碳很明显。这一结构亟待优化,必须强化能源革命。”

杜祥琬通过对各国人均能耗的比较后分析说,发达国家在发展初期,随着人均GDP的提高,人均能耗都在爬升。但是到了人均GDP2万美元时,基本都是人均能耗不再增长,而经济继续发展。可以看到,从人均GDP2万美元发展到4万美元,美、加的人均能耗竟是日、欧的两倍。这对我们是有启示意义的:发达国家有两类,高碳型和相对低碳型,低碳发展也可以通向现代化。

“我们现在的单位GDP能耗已经是世界平均水平的1.7倍了,比美、日要高得多。”杜祥琬认为,我们要费很大的劲才可能把人均高能耗的曲线“扭”下来。我们想要比欧、日的能耗低已经很难了,我们能不比他们高就很不错了。

面对这种形势,我国能源低碳转型的路该怎么走?

杜祥琬提出,我们要走节能、提效之路,改变粗放、高耗能的发展方式,包括对能源总量和能源强度的双控制,做好去产能、去库存工作,防止产生新的产能过剩;要逐步减煤,特别做好散烧煤的替代,这是对我国高碳基础能源必须动的一个“大手术”;要大力度、高质量地发展非化石能源,增加一次能源中的非化石比重,增加电力中的非化石比重;要稳油增气,加强勘探,发展新能源汽车,提高燃油标准。

责任编辑:郭丽颖 CN045
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