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潘际銮院士:把自己与祖国的发展“焊”在一起

2016-01-31 13:22:16   哈尔滨工业大学

一方面他比较深入细致地观察到了金属塑性在脆性温度阶段及其附近的变化规律,打破了过去传统的概念(即笼统地认为当温度达到脆性温度阶段时,金属的塑性与强度均将急剧下降,直至为零),从而丰富了普洛霍洛夫的理论。另一方面他的研究证明了金属在脆性温度阶段的力学性能不仅取决于其化学成分,而且取决于其应力状态、形变速率。

潘际銮同普洛霍洛夫从理论上进行了较深入的分析和总结,初步形成了描述焊接中金属热裂纹形成机理的物理模型。潘际銮和普洛霍洛夫建立的这一理论,考虑了所有可能的因素,包括机械因素(变形、应力)及冶金因素(脆性温度范围及塑性)等,并对这些因素之间的关系进行了科学分析。运用这一理论,就有可能在各种焊接中预测裂纹产生的可能性。1953年,潘际銮在整理总结这些实验研究成果的基础上,完成了他的研究生毕业论文《焊接中金属的晶间层断裂问题》。现在,哈工大博物馆里还存有他当年的部分实验报告原件。

“哈工大是我国焊接专业的发源地,是焊接学者的摇篮,是我们中国焊接事业的起点。”采访中,潘际銮不时地说起类似的话语。在潘际銮研究生学习阶段,1952年哈工大决定成立焊接专业,潘际銮被任命为焊接教研室代理主任,他与4位同班学焊接的研究生田锡唐、陈定华、周振丰、徐子才开始建设焊接实验室,讲授本科焊接课程,在我国高等教育界创建了第一个焊接专业。1955年夏天,潘际銮和清华大学派去哈工大进修的教师一起返回清华,又在清华大学建立焊接教研组,潘际銮被任命为焊接教研组主任,成为我国第二个焊接专业和焊接教研组的建设者。就这样,中国的焊接人才队伍慢慢地壮大起来。

科研创新,“焊”为祖国

“我目前主要有3个研究方向:核电站的焊接问题、高速铁路的焊接问题和爬行焊接机器人。”潘际銮年迈的身体里跳动着一颗年轻的心,86岁高龄却依然从事着我国最尖端的焊接技术研究。“搞科研就要扎扎实实”,做研究,潘际銮讲求脚踏实地、一丝不苟,而且重视解决实际生产中的问题。

20世纪60年代,他率领一支由教师、工人、学生组成的队伍,承担了由清华大学设计建造的核反应堆的焊接工程任务。为了完成这项任务,他组织教师学生从研制氩弧焊装备和工艺开始,到研究铝的焊接冶金问题、工艺装备设计制造,一直到生产,前后花了3年多时间,终于成功完成了核反应堆的焊接工程任务,这在我国属于首创。为了解决反应堆中的燃料棒和控制棒焊接问题,他又在没有任何资料的情况下,研究成功我国第一台电子束焊机。

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