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就业歧视屡禁不绝 媒体:是时候出台反就业歧视法了

2016-01-26 10:12:58   中国新闻网

王治江建议,完善我国反残疾人就业歧视立法,应当坚持平衡原则和实效原则,从以下两个方面入手:

一是完善积极型反残疾人就业歧视法律制度。通过对按比例就业、就业优先、专产专营、优先生产经营、优先采购等具体制度进行立法评估,研究其制度设计上存在的不足与缺陷,分析其在实践运行中存在的困难与障碍,从而进一步完善相关制度,发挥其在促进残疾人就业上的积极作用。

二是加强消极型反残疾人就业歧视法律制度的整体设计,完善对残疾人就业歧视进行法律救济的相关规定。同时,要将残疾人就业歧视立法置于我国就业歧视整体制度设计中考量,既要体现残疾人就业歧视案件的特殊性,也要充分发挥司法资源效能,使残疾人遭受就业歧视后,可以方便、快捷地获得法律救济。归根结底,我国反残疾人就业歧视立法要尽快完成从积极型反残疾人就业歧视法律制度向混合型反残疾人就业歧视法律制度的全面转变。

性别歧视

二孩放开对女性就业歧视或将加重

2012年以来,中华女子学院法学院教授刘明辉以兼职律师身份免费代理了3起性别歧视诉讼案:曹菊诉北京市海淀区新巨人培训学校性别歧视案、黄蓉诉杭州市西湖区东方烹饪职业技能培训学校性别歧视案和马户诉北京市邮政速递物流有限公司和北京手挽手劳务派遣有限责任公司性别歧视案,3位原告(均为化名)均遭遇招聘广告明示招聘条件为“男”的基于性别的排斥。

“尽管她们均得到法院的支持,但是获赔额较低,其中曹菊通过法院调解的方式获得3万元;黄蓉和马户仅得到法院判决2000元的精神损害抚慰金。”刘明辉说,这些判决结果既不足以抚慰受害人饱受伤害的心灵,也无法震慑现行和潜在的违法者。况且法院判决不支持原告关于赔礼道歉的诉求,认为并无法律依据。随着二孩政策全面放开,用人单位对女性的就业性别歧视或将加重。

为什么我国政府高度重视妇女权益,多部立法反复强调禁止就业歧视,包括禁止就业性别歧视,而现实中就业性别歧视的现象却屡禁不止呢?刘明辉说,主要原因是碎片化而不成体系的法律规范存在诸多缺失。

刘明辉建议,健全性别平等法律制度,出台一部公平就业法或者反就业歧视法,将性别平等作为其中的一章,从而改变碎片化状态并弥补缺失。在这部专门法未出台前,为解燃眉之急,建议人社部和国家工商总局联合发布《禁止招聘广告性别歧视规定》。其中增设性别歧视定义为首要任务,这也是联合国消除对妇女歧视委员会在审议中国提交的报告时多次提出的建议。

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