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就业歧视屡禁不绝 媒体:是时候出台反就业歧视法了

2016-01-26 10:12:58   中国新闻网

此外,杨飞还建议谨慎考虑增加规定禁止的歧视现象。“法律禁止哪些歧视是由该国政治、经济、社会、文化等多方因素和发展程度所决定的,从反就业歧视法律的发展历史可以看到,各国也大都经历了禁止歧视的范围由窄到宽的过程。”杨飞说。

残疾歧视

立法是抑制残疾人歧视最有效手段

残疾,也是就业歧视中的重要诱因。重度残疾人、女性残疾人等群体甚至会遭受更为严重的歧视甚至多重歧视。“实际上,没有不适合工作的残疾人,只有不适合残疾人的岗位。”中国残疾人联合会王治江博士如是说。

据了解,上海某超市在招聘负责生鲜档口分割肉类的员工时,特意选择雇用了一些听力障碍人士,这项工作由于噪音大,常人一般无法忍受,但听力障碍人士则很适合。他们不但不受噪音干扰,而且对这份工作倍加珍惜,最后的就业效果很好,雇主非常满意。

但现实中,由于社会公众对于残疾人普遍存在错误认知,致使残疾人在就业过程中屡遭歧视。这些歧视表现形式多样:既有直接歧视,又有间接歧视;既有较差待遇的歧视,又有额外要求的歧视;既有针对残疾人本人的歧视,也有针对残疾人关联人士的歧视。诸如此类的歧视导致残疾人的经济状况普遍较差,持续陷入就业率低、失业率高、工作岗位差、工作报酬低等困境。

世界卫生组织和世界银行发布的《2011年世界残疾报告》显示,残疾人的平均就业率仅为44%,远低于非残疾人75%的就业率。而在我国,虽然国家有一系列残疾人就业保障政策,相关部门也采取诸多就业促进措施,但是残疾人就业困境仍很难缓解。“产生残疾人就业歧视的原因,既有残疾人自身存在的障碍和不便、残疾人缺少应有的教育和培训等客观方面的原因,也有对残疾人的固有偏见、对经济成本增加的担忧等主观方面的原因。”王治江分析认为,总的说来,主观原因是导致残疾人就业歧视发生的根本原因。

“立法是抑制残疾人就业歧视最基本、最有效的手段。”王治江说。据了解,目前世界很多国家都建立了反残疾人就业歧视法律制度,通过对残疾人就业歧视行为的否定性评价以及相应的禁止、惩罚、预防措施,以实现对残疾人平等就业权利的保护。由于各国在残疾人就业歧视上采取的基本方法与措施不同,反残疾人就业歧视法律制度形成了两种基本模式,即积极型反残疾人就业歧视法律制度和消极型反残疾人就业歧视法律制度。两种基本模式在理论基础、立法表现形式、具体措施、法律实施机关、所依赖的社会环境等方面都存在很大差异,但是两种模式的基本目标一致,在功能上互为补充,从不同角度为保障残疾人的平等就业权利发挥着作用。

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