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美元反弹 为什么人民币依然坚挺?

2017-08-14 13:08:02   一财网

如果央行入市将银行手中因结售汇顺差产生的美元头寸全部买走,那么人民币的升值压力自然也就化解了。如果机构自营盘极为看好美元后市的升值空间,也会囤积美元头寸,这也会抑制人民币的升值动力。

很明显,根据近期人民币的强势表现,央行明显是没有出手。而在人民币贬值阶段对贬值压力贡献颇多的机构自营盘似乎也没有出手拉美元一把,至少是没有大规模囤积美元,或者说做多美元,这就比较值得玩味了。

我国当前的银行代客外汇市场的交易规模并不大,银行代客即期和远期结售汇的月度交易总量一般在3000亿美元左右,折合每日交易量大约15-20亿美元。这不大的交易量还要区分为“结汇”和“售汇”两个方向,因此当出现单日结售汇顺差或逆差局面时,顺(逆)差的规模一般也很小。以今年为例,如果单日银行代客结售汇的逆差规模超过10亿美元,那就是非常大的数字了。

在这种市场结构下,如果机构自营盘整体上对人民币预期偏空,他们很容易将暂时出现的结售汇顺差承接下来,人民币也就不会出现近日的强势行情,所以目前机构自营盘对人民币应该总体是偏乐观的。

在判定机构投资者做空人民币意愿极低的前提下,就比较容易理解人民币近期的强势表现了。

在银行代客市场出现顺差的情况下,即使单日的顺差规模很小,比如只有2、3亿美元,但由于机构自营盘大多不愿意做美元多头,而央行此时也不出面干预,再考虑到每日很小的交易量,那么人民币出现阶段性的单边行情也就很容易理解了。

当市场出现单边结汇行情时,此时美元如何波动就不重要了,大家想想2014年之前的情况就很容易理解这一点。2005-2013年,由于持续大规模的结售汇顺差,无论美元如何波动,人民币对美元基本上就是升值。目前很难形成2013年之前的市场形态,但在几个交易日内出现类似的行情难度不大。

总结一下,近期人民币出人意料的强势行情,可能主要原因有二:一是银行代客结售汇市场出现了连续的顺差,当然可能顺差规模并不大;二是机构自营盘集体失去了做空人民币的勇气,至少是暂时失去。在市场交易量较小的情况下,一旦失去了机构自营盘的承接,代客结售汇市场的顺差很容易拉高人民币。此时央行如果选择袖手旁观,任由市场发挥作用,人民币在美元反弹的情况下保持坚挺也就顺理成章了。

为什么机构自营盘没有勇气承接美元多头?这可能与“8.11汇改”两周年有关。可能机构投资者大多认为,在这种敏感时刻,央行会倾向于维持强势的人民币,以进一步提振市场对人民币的信心。面对这种可能性,没有机构投资者敢和央行对赌,因为资金实力根本不在一个级别上,这也从反面说明,央行的权威对于市场走势的巨大影响力。

简而言之,央行是否出手拉升人民币并不是最重要的,当市场中的多数投资者认为央行可能出手时,投资者做空人民币动力的主动消退就可能导致人民币回升,此时央行也就没必要出手了。

其实与机构自营盘做空人民币勇气下降相比,更值得关注的是结售汇顺差是如何产生的。可能是突发个别企业大额结汇所致,也可能是个人投资者被不断上涨的人民币理财收益诱惑抛售美元所致,当然还可能是出口企业整体对人民币看多热情上升所致。如果是第一种,那么人民币近期的强势就是暂时的,如果是后两种原因所致,人民币今年大概率仍有继续上行的空间。

祝各位老朋友好运!也祝人民币好运!

(本文首发于作者的微信号“会师话市”,作者赐稿观察者网发布。)

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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