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煤炭出口大涨,特朗普抢功 美媒:功在中印

2017-08-08 16:43:01   新华网

据路透社数据,美国今年1-7月出口煤炭5190万吨,其中出口到中国共403万吨,这一数字已经超过了2016年全年出口到中国的煤炭总量282万吨,以及2015年出口到中国的煤炭总量297万吨。

美国今年1-7月出口到印度的煤炭为639万吨,2016年全年为867万吨,2015年全年为760万吨。

2016年7月底,澳大利亚纽卡斯尔煤炭价格约在每吨92美元左右,这个价格自2016年底以来就稳定在这一水平,而2015年底,煤炭价格仅为50美元。

据市场研究机构CRU的数据,美国煤炭(计入船运费用)的成本约在每吨83.2美元,也就是说,目前的亚洲市场价格几乎维持在美国矿工们可以糊口的底线。传统的煤炭出口国澳大利亚和印度尼西亚,不但生产成本更低,而且距主要市场(亚洲)更近,船运成本也低得多。

当前煤炭价格的主要支撑着就是中国,今年前六个月,中国进口煤炭总量1.33亿吨,较上年同期跳增23.5%。而中国海关数据显示,中国2016年煤炭进口2.555亿吨,较2015年跳增25.2%至。多年来,中国一直是全球最大的煤炭进口、生产和消费国,对煤炭价格有较大的话语权。

另外,欧洲的需求也不可忽视,来自法国的需求在今年前五个月几乎较去年同期翻倍。去核电化使法国更依赖燃煤发电。然而,这种需求似乎也是暂时性的,也会受到船运价格的影响。

美国煤电正在萎缩,清洁煤技术“被判死刑”

目前,美国88%的煤电机组建于1990年之前,平均运行年限已达39年,未来几年将陆续进入退役阶段,据《华盛顿邮报》统计,在特朗普第一个四年任期内,美国将有40个燃煤电厂陆续关闭。其中,美西最大燃煤电厂——亚利桑那州的纳瓦霍发电厂已经宣布将在2019年前停工。

而近年来,美国极少建设新的煤电机组,出于经济性方面的考量,特朗普能源新政也难以改变市场主体的选择,带动大量的煤电装机投资。在现有煤电机组退役之后,美国煤炭需求量将进一步下降。

自多年前开始立项起就被寄予厚望的美国“清洁煤技术”也刚刚被判死刑。

资料图:位于美国密西西比的坎伯电厂

据中国煤炭网7月编译《纽约时报》6月30日报道,位于美国密西西比的坎伯电厂(Kemper County Plant)从立项之初就备受世人瞩目,人们期望该厂采用的碳捕获与封存技术(CCS)可以捕获电厂排放的65%的二氧化碳。然而事与愿违。这个原本设计为烧煤的电厂一直被人讽刺为“烧钱的电厂”—— 该电厂的碳捕获计划已经投入了75亿美元,超预算40亿美元,但工期已经晚了3年。

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