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这在美国也是块难啃的骨头,特朗普医改屡战屡败

2017-08-08 13:32:33   瞭望智库

4,执政能力面临大考

如何走出医改泥潭已成为检验特朗普执政能力的一道重要考题。长期深陷医改泥潭将带来诸多负面影响:

一是会严重损害特朗普作为总统的信誉,引发外界对其执政能力的怀疑。不只是共和党议员们正在从特朗普身边消失,共和党选民也是。根据盖勒普的民调数据,上任以来,特朗普在全国范围内的支持率已从45%降至36%(7月26日)。对特朗普执政能力的质疑,势必会引发外界对其领导下美国经济未来走向的看法。

二是医保问题的迟迟不能闯关,将堵塞候选政策日程的推进。目前看,特朗普的税改计划和基建计划已被滞后。

三是加剧共和党内的分裂。拖的时间越长,党内分裂越难以弥合。

但必须指出的是,民主党并未抓住医改僵局对特朗普造成政治损伤的机会,提高自己的支持率。根据彭博社的民调结果,目前美国民众对民主党的支持率为42%,与2016年12月的支持率水平相同,并未增加。

根据美国ABC新闻和华盛顿邮报的民调,52%的受访者认为现在民主党根本没有政策方向,它的存在就是为了反对特朗普。如果特朗普能在较短时间内,打破医改僵局,闯关成功,或成功将国内舆论焦点转到新施政目标,在税收制度改革、基建等领域开启新的政治日程,并较快取得进展,那么特朗普不仅将重新提振外界对其执政的信心,更可能为中期选举乃至下届连任打下基础。

5,对中国的几点启示

美国的医保体系曾是中国的医保体系设计和改革的蓝本。改革开放以来,中国医疗事业发展取得了举世瞩目的成绩,中国人均寿命延长了近10岁,排在了中高收入国家之上,日益完善的医疗保障体系让中国人也能享受到先进的医疗服务。

但美国医保体系出现的问题,自然会引发外界对中国医保体系有效性的疑问。中国不同于欧美国家,中国人口基数大、地域覆盖广、社会管理制度也有所不同,美国的问题并不一定就会在中国发生,但一些一般性问题,仍然值得关注和深入研究。

一是政府是否应该在医保领域发挥主导作用。美国民主、共和两党在奥巴马医保法案去留问题上的对立,背后其实是对政府应发挥何种作用的分歧。目前,在中国的医疗保障领域,中国的公立医院50%-70%的医疗业务收入有赖于医保的结算和支付。老百姓对医疗支付的比例是由医保政策制定的。如何在政府发挥主导性作用的同时,提高中国医保制度运行效率,减少浪费,是一个需要我们认真研究的问题。

二是医改应从何处着手。美国医改的主要推动者来自美国的保险公司和面临日益严峻医保支出的联邦、州等政府。对此,中国肯定不能效仿。在中国,深化医改的着力点应放在人民群众最为关心的问题上,将公立医院作为深化医改的重要抓手。

三是在提高效率的同时,政府是否可考虑借鉴美国的一些做法,设立特别保险项目或基金,为满足特定条件的低收入群体,提供医疗方面的救助。这些特别保险项目或基金的最优规模如何界定,何种机构管理最为合理等问题值得思考。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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