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中国医改护航“健康中国”(专家解读)

2017-08-07 03:32:00   中国青年网

近年来,中国医改攻坚克难、持续推进,改革成果举世瞩目。日前,世界卫生组织前任总干事陈冯富珍盛赞,“中国医疗卫生体制改革取得的成就是有目共睹的。很多国家都在向中国学习。”世界银行官网刊文称,“在过去20年中,中国改善了医疗卫生服务,成效显著。”

据英国《金融时报》近日报道,中国80%以上的药品销售额来自公立医院。中国公共医疗保险的普及使省级政府在药品定价上获得了更大权力。过去一年里,中国政府颁布了新政策,禁止公立医院将它们所分销药品的价格定得过高。受此影响,多家世界制药公司报告在华销售额增长放缓甚至下降。文章还指出,中国医改的一个特点是,政府分担医药费降低了患者负担,让更多人用得起被纳入医保报销范围的药品。

“德国之声”网站曾刊文称,随着人口老龄化的加深,中国医疗体系的压力也越来越大,尤其是大型综合医院承受更大压力。为解决这一问题,中国一直在努力进行医疗系统改革,包括改善地方医疗设施、资助和推广草根诊所,并承诺增加地方诊所的数量和质量。美国《财富》杂志也认为“日益老龄化的人口需要一个运转良好的医疗保健体系。”

推进全民医保,激发民间活力。近5年来,我国医改持续深入推进,一张覆盖全国的基本医疗保障网络逐步成型,成为我国医改最大的亮点之一。作为一个发展中国家,全民医保制度的基本建立实属难得。目前来看,中国医改还有需要继续完善的方面,但初步的制度框架业已搭建。另外值得一提的是,通过鼓励社会办医,中国医改激发了民间活力。医改是解放医生生产力、发展医生生产力的一个过程。近几年,以“互联网医疗”为代表的一些新的医疗业态不断出现。很多地方还出现了“医生集团”,大医院的医生能够以更灵活的方式为患者服务。这些新变化也体现了中国医改推进分级诊疗的不断探索与创新。

持续攻坚克难,改革任重道远。公立医院改革是中国医改的重点和难点。如何使公立医院更有活力,更好地为百姓服务,是推进公立医院改革的重要目标。长期以来,公立医院“以药补医”的现象,是我国医疗领域的一大顽症,也是全国医改着力破解的难题。随着改革的深入推进,一些深层次的新问题会逐渐显露。如医事服务费在医院内部的分配问题、公立医院的去编制问题等。推广一个地方试点的成功经验时,需要通盘考虑,审慎进行。除此之外,中国医改还需逐步解决医疗资源分布不均这一世界性难题。如何激发基层医生的积极性,促进医疗资源的合理配置是亟待考虑的问题。要啃下改革的“硬骨头”,离不开体制机制的重构和突破。现阶段,中国医改正在攻坚克难。

释放惠民红利,贡献中国方案。改革深一步,群众获益就多一点。对中国百姓来说,全民医保制度的建立使看病安全网更牢固。新医疗业态的不断涌现增加了医疗市场上的“供方”,群众有了更多的选择。中国医改护航“健康中国”,改革带来的“健康红利”正在惠及全民。中国的医改经验对世界其它国家、尤其是发展中国家来说,具有一定的借鉴意义。发展中国家的医改事业更需要将有限的财政资金用在“刀刃”上,实现医疗市场的“供需平衡”。2017年3月,按照国务院提出的“简政放权、放管结合、优化服务”的要求,执业医师实现了“一次注册、区域有效”。这实际上也是在激发医疗市场上的“供方”活力。在破解医改这个世界性难题上,中国方案值得借鉴。

(李嘉宝采访整理)

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