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国务院就与菲律宾的南海争议发表白皮书(全文)

2016-07-13 10:37:14   新华网

77.20世纪80年代以来,中国就通过谈判管控和解决中菲南海有关争议提出一系列主张和倡议,多次重申对南沙群岛的主权、和平解决南海有关争议的立场和“搁置争议,共同开发”的倡议,明确表示反对外部势力介入,反对南海问题国际化,强调不应使争议影响两国关系的发展。

78.1992年7月,在马尼拉举行的第25届东盟外长会议发表《东盟关于南海问题的宣言》。中国表示,赞赏这一宣言所阐述的相关原则。中国一贯主张通过谈判和平解决南沙群岛部分岛礁有关领土问题,反对诉诸武力,愿在条件成熟时同有关国家谈判“搁置争议,共同开发”。

79.1995年8月,中菲共同发表的《中华人民共和国和菲律宾共和国关于南海问题和其他领域合作的磋商联合声明》表示,“争议应由直接有关国家解决”;“双方承诺循序渐进地进行合作,最终谈判解决双方争议”。此后,中国和菲律宾通过一系列双边文件确认通过双边谈判协商解决南海问题的有关共识,例如:1999年3月《中菲建立信任措施工作小组会议联合公报》、2000年5月《中华人民共和国政府和菲律宾共和国政府关于21世纪双边合作框架的联合声明》等。

80.2002年11月,中国同东盟10国共同签署《宣言》。各方在《宣言》中郑重承诺:“根据公认的国际法原则,包括1982年《联合国海洋法公约》,由直接有关的主权国家通过友好磋商和谈判,以和平方式解决它们的领土和管辖权争议,而不诉诸武力或以武力相威胁。”

81.此后,中菲通过一系列双边文件确认各自在《宣言》中作出的郑重承诺,例如:2004年9月《中华人民共和国政府和菲律宾共和国政府联合新闻公报》、2011年9月《中华人民共和国和菲律宾共和国联合声明》等。

82.上述中菲两国各项双边文件以及《宣言》的相关规定,体现了中菲就解决南海有关争议达成的以下共识和承诺:一是有关争议应在直接有关的主权国家之间解决;二是有关争议应在平等和相互尊重基础上,通过谈判协商和平解决;三是直接有关的主权国家根据公认的国际法原则,包括1982年《联合国海洋法公约》,“最终谈判解决双方争议”。

83.中菲双方多次重申通过谈判解决有关争议,并多次强调有关谈判应由直接有关的主权国家开展,上述规定显然已产生排除任何第三方争端解决方式的效果。特别是1995年的联合声明规定“最终谈判解决双方争议”,这里的“最终”一词明显是为了强调“谈判”是双方已选择的唯一争端解决方式,并排除包括第三方争端解决程序在内的任何其他方式。上述共识和承诺构成两国间排除通过第三方争端解决方式解决中菲南海有关争议的协议。这一协议必须遵守。

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