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淡季不淡、旺季更火 名白酒走出调整迎新成长周期

2017-09-28 07:17:51   

●消费升级带动行业增长

如袁仁国所言,“白酒业已经进入新的成长周期”。“新”,一方面体现在白酒市场重回高增长;另一方面,行业亦呈现出与上一个黄金十年(2002~2012年)不同的特点。

8月,贵州曾出台“史上最严禁酒令”。该禁令一出台,也曾引得白酒板块下挫。虽股价表现震荡,但无论是从市场表现还是企业反应来看,“禁酒令”与彼时严控“三公消费”带来的沉重打击已不可同日而语。

白酒行业此番能扛住“禁酒令”的冲击,与深度调整后的白酒消费主导因素已由政务消费转向商务与民间消费密不可分。券商数据称,目前白酒行业三公消费占比已从39%大幅下降至5%,禁酒政策对白酒行业影响极为有限。

水井坊认为,白酒行业渠道终端的管理正从过去粗放式管理逐步走向精细化,从原来一味地将终端全权交予总代到现在厂商共建终端,不断加强对市场的把控力。同时,以个性化定制、品牌连锁、专卖店等为主导的新型渠道模式正扮演着越来越重要的角色,作为传统渠道的有力补充,呈现出快速增长的势头。

招商证券研报表示,高端白酒涨价是由需求改善拉动,中档白酒涨价是企业改善渠道利润的营销策略,二者均是由于白酒消费需求复苏和行业转暖所致。在企业和渠道均有更大利润空间后,白酒行业未来几年的加速增长值得期待。

白酒行业整体向好的同时,行业分化也在加剧。业内近两年的一大观点是,弱复苏、强分化。

所谓弱复苏,是指行业产能结构性过剩及集中度低等问题依旧存在,整合仍将继续,未来保持低速增长或成常态。同时,消费总量也并未出现大幅提升。而强分化指随着消费升级和品牌倾向的加强,白酒消费越发向中高端和高端品牌集中,营收和利润增速较快,但中低端酒企处境依然艰难,盈利能力不容乐观。

Wind数据显示,今年上半年,贵州茅台以112.5亿元净利成为18家A股白酒企业之最,占白酒板块总利润261.71亿元的46.02%;五粮液、洋河股份及泸州老窖则占40.50%份额。行业超八成的利润“蛋糕”已被四巨头共享。

前述分析师对《每日经济新闻》记者表示,在白酒行业,这种“强者恒强”的局面从2013年左右就开始显现。以贵州茅台、五粮液、洋河股份及泸州老窖为代表的强势企业在行业不景气时有较强资金实力支撑,行业复苏时又有强大品牌背书及长期积累的渠道优势,加之消费升级是不变的长期趋势,低端或区域不知名酒企的生存环境将愈来愈恶劣。

中泰证券研报亦表示,在一线白酒及次高端白酒享受这轮行情利好时,部分三线中小酒企却受到强势对手的市场挤压,我国白酒行业分化成长趋势持续强化。今年第二季度,一二线名酒业绩普遍超预期,基数较小的次高端酒表现最为抢眼,而百元以下的三线地产酒增速环比普遍下滑,部分酒企甚至出现负增长。

对行业发展态势,沱牌舍得营销公司总经理吴健告诉《每日经济新闻》记者,白酒行业仍处于整合阶段,今后在某些大区域或价格段仍将出现巨头垄断情况,全国性品牌和区域性强势品牌将形成十到二十家。

(实习生俞瑶对此文亦有贡献)

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