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焦炭进入下行周期

2017-09-26 09:52:54   中国经济网

随着焦炭产量、进口量的增加以及终端消费走淡,焦炭供不应求的格局发生根本改变,焦炭价格开启下跌走势。从技术上看,焦炭期货构筑M头后,跌破了颈线位,头部形态已经形成。上周二、周三连续两天的反弹都没有突破40日均线,上方压力较大,可以尝试背靠40日均线放空操作。

产量略有恢复

随着焦炭价格的不断上涨,8月下旬部分独立焦化企业的利润接近400元/吨。由于短期环保检查力度有所减弱,高利润刺激焦化企业加快生产节奏,独立焦化企业开工率小幅回升。从样本独立焦化企业开工率情况看,截至9 月1 日,样本独立焦化企业开工率为78.1%,其中小型独立焦化企业开工率小幅上升至 73.27%,大型独立焦化企业开工率小幅上升至 84.14%。随着焦化企业开工负荷的上升,焦炭的产量势必会有所增加,这将缓解市场供给不足的问题。

此外,预计10月底环保督察将结束,届时焦炭供应将恢复正常,从而会对焦炭的价格产生明显的压制作用。随着十一假期临近,焦炭1801合约势必对这一预期做出反应。

进口持续增加

进口焦炭套利空间逐渐开启,刺激国内焦炭的进口。从海关总署公布的数据来看,7月份国内进口焦炭5578297吨,较去年同期增加1124041.4吨,同比增加25.27%。不仅如此,自6月份焦炭价格开启涨势以来,6、7月份焦炭的进口量都保持在550万吨以上的水平,相较5月份低点增加近100万吨。

除此之外,由于美国加息进程不及预期,今年以来人民币对美元汇率持续升值,这进一步扩大了进口焦炭的利差,刺激焦炭进口。综合来看,8—9月国内焦炭进口有望继续上升,从而会缓解国内焦炭供给不足的问题。

库存有所回升

从北方四港的焦炭库存来看,自6月初焦炭价格不断上升以来,港口的焦炭库存呈现缓慢上涨的态势。截至9月22日,北方四港的焦炭库存总量达到260.5万吨,较6月2日的低点上升48.5万吨,上升22.88%。

相比港口库存的上升,焦化企业的焦炭库存仍然处于极低位置。焦化企业的供应基本上被钢厂消化,自身库存处于低位,从而强化了焦化企业的议价能力。截至9月22日,国内100万吨产能以下的焦化企业的库存量为7.46万吨,100万—200万吨产能的焦化企业的库存量为10.55万吨,200万吨产能以上的焦化企业的库存量为15.3万吨。不过焦化企业的库存相较底部已经有所抬升,库存进入上升周期的迹象较为明显,这进一步验证了焦炭的供需格局由供不应求向供大于求转变。

下游需求支撑减弱

随着金九银十的消费旺季临近尾声,市场对钢材的需求开始不断下降,各大钢厂的开工负荷也有所降低。随着螺纹钢和热轧卷板价格大幅回落,钢厂的利润回落,生产热情进一步降低,对焦炭的需求将走弱。这将不断传导至焦炭上游,从根本上改变焦炭目前供不应求的局面,动摇焦炭上涨基础。

综上所述,目前,一方面焦炭的生产利润大幅上升,焦炭开工率保持在偏高的水平,同时进口增加,社会库存不断回升,另一方面终端需求走弱,钢厂开工率开始下降,对焦炭的需求开始降低。因此,我们认为焦炭供需矛盾已经得到缓解,供需格局正在发生转变,基本面已经为焦炭价格趋势反转创造了条件。技术上,焦炭的头部形态已经形成,跌势已经确立,后期价格有望延续下跌走势。

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