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IPO过会率再创新低 净利润3000万成隐形门槛

2017-09-26 09:02:54   中国经济网

统计数据显示,2017年创业板被否的33家企业中,2014-2016年间至少有一年净利润规模不足3000万的企业达到30家,占今年被否创业板拟上市企业的91%。而最近一年归母净利润低于3000万元的有16家,其中仅2家公司过会,通过率12.5%,净利润最低的10家公司清一色未通过。

由上述低过会率看出,当前的IPO实际上是存在盈利门槛的,上海一家大型券商投行人士对时代周报记者指出:“发行人被否当然不只考虑盈利能力一个因素,通常是综合评审的。但拟IPO企业的盈利能力不足会导致发审委更关注,一些问题也会更‘可疑’,比如是否为了提高利润人为压低员工薪酬等问题,再比如毛利异常、关联交易、主要客户情况、成本费用变化等。”

招商证券多项目被否

值得一提的是,前述4家被否企业中有3家的保荐机构为招商证券,分别为智业软件、世纪恒通科技与湖南广信科技。Wind数据显示,今年以来,招商证券IPO过会家数在行业排名第12位,较去年同期下滑7位。首发募集资金共计63.39亿元,行业排名第十,较去年同期下滑5位。今年以来被否的53家企业中,招商证券共有5家被否,成为保荐项目被否数量最多的券商之一。

北京一家中型券商投行人士对时代周报记者表示:“项目密集被否有偶然因素,但也暴露出投行的内控问题,目前的严监管大环境下,要加强内控制度,对于盈利能力不够理想的项目要慎重,实际上现在一些盈利能力不足的项目大多数投行已经不愿意做了。”此前,证监会新闻发言人多次强调,要严把上市公司入口关,坚持问题导向,完善IPO现场检查等工作机制,依法严格审核、严格监管,督促发行人和中介机构归位尽责,防止企业带病上市。

实际上,虽然最近一年IPO节奏明显加速,但投行业务收入却大面积同比下降。根据中报数据统计,2017年上半年,28家上市券商实现投行业务收入130亿元,同比下降21%,其中共有19家券商的投行业务收入为负增长。

不过,招商证券成为另外9家投行业务收入正增长的券商之一,实现投行业务收入10.04亿元,同比增长2.3%。同时,招商证券的IPO储备项目数量也十分抢眼,共有36家IPO承销项目排队。截至2017年9月21日,中国证监会受理首发企业574家,其中,已过会48家,未过会526家。未过会企业中正常待审企业484家,中止审查企业42家。根据时代周报记者不完全统计,目前在证监会排队的企业中,超过40%企业的保荐机构来自上市券商。

除了IPO项目,自去年下半年以来,投行多个融资品种受到从严监管。定增受今年再融资新规影响,发行节奏大幅放缓;公司债发行规模亦大幅缩水,主要因为政策和市场环境。尽管监管层鼓励IPO发行常态化,让投行迎来业务机会,但IPO募资规模普遍不高,导致承销保荐费不及以往。

前述投行人士指出:“虽然IPO加速,但募资规模普遍不大,其他的项目再融资放缓,并购重组的审核趋向严格,同时债券融资也大幅下降,监管层严监管,未来的投行业务仍然要如履薄冰,保证质量。”

值得一提的是,对于风控问题比较集中是券商投行,证监会在9月8日就《证券公司投资银行类业务内部控制指引(征求意见稿)》正式公开征求意见,而这被称为“史上最严的投行内控指引”或将重塑整个券商的投行格局。

此前,随着投行业务的快速发展,行业中普遍存在“重发展、轻质量”“重规模、轻风险”,主体责任履行不到位、执业质量良莠不齐,业务发展与内部控制脱节等现象,与其在服务实体经济发展、提高直接融资比重等方面承担的日益重要职责不相匹配。多位受访投行人士认为,《指引》带来的不仅仅是严厉的业务监管定调、行业规范化的提升,更成为督促券商排查潜在投行业务风险的“提示板”。

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