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噩梦般胜利! 默克尔连任,执政联盟得票率却创新低

2017-09-26 07:31:54   新华网

“噩梦般的胜利!”德国《图片报》25日的这个标题显示出德国人对此前一天的大选结果的复杂心情。虽然现总理默克尔领导的联盟党(基民盟和基社盟)保住了议会第一大党的位置,使得默克尔能第四次担任总理,成为继前总理科尔之后担任领导人职位时间最长的人之一。

但是,基民盟、社民党等执政联盟的传统大党得票率大幅下滑,右翼选择党“意外”成为议会第三大党,令德国和欧洲媒体感到震惊,认为“德国来到转折点”。选择党领导人高兰德宣称,该党将会“狙击”默克尔,在议会发起成立委员会调查其当年允许百万难民进入德国的政策。

不过,24日晚和25日,德国柏林、汉堡等地都出现抗议选择党进入国会的游行。而选择党两主席之一的佩特里25日突然宣布不加入该党联邦议院党团更是震动德国政坛。英国广播公司(BBC)称,尽管德国人对选择哪个政党陷入挣扎,但作为领导人的默克尔一直扮演着德国乃至欧洲的“稳定力量”,这恐怕是她获得最多支持的原因之一。

德国《图片报》25日称,默克尔领导的联盟党以33%的选票保持了联邦议院第一大党团的位置。这样,默克尔预计将成为联邦德国战后历史上第二位连续4届完成总理任期的人。在此之前,只有“统一总理”科尔曾有过这一壮举。不过,报道称,默克尔没有理由庆祝。胜利的背后是最糟糕的结果。她的政党的支持率比上一届足足少了8.5%。这是一场“政治地震”。议会另一大党社民党支持率甚至下滑到20%,更创造了二战后的最差纪录。而右翼民粹主义政党——德国选择党首次进入联邦议会,并成为第三大党。引人注意的是,根据民调,有超过100万支持联盟党的选民“倒戈”支持选择党。

“德国大选结束后,默克尔抵达联盟党总部时,显得疲惫不堪、没精打采。”BBC称,24日晚在面对等候已久的场内支持者时,默克尔勉强对着媒体镜头挤出了一个笑容。台下的掌声与欢呼声也显得有点虚,因为这场胜利并不符合她与基民盟的预期。此次大选,是基民盟在默克尔领导下12年来成绩最差的一次。报道称,这很可能是她决定向上百万难民敞开国门的结果。

“我们正处于暴风雨时期,所以我呼吁大家承担责任。”默克尔24日晚发表讲话时也充满了担忧而非胜选的喜悦。她强调,“德国政府的稳定是最重要的”,她还发誓要建立一个可靠的执政联盟,因为德国“未来有很多任务要解决”。

尽管默克尔承诺为德国组建一个稳定的政府,但目前德国执政联盟的伙伴社民党,已明确表示将不再与联盟党组成“大联合政府”。因此,联盟党将不得不与自民党及绿党等小党组建之前从未合作过的联合政府。德国电视一台称,这三党联合执政并不容易,三党对难民政策、减税乃至于与欧洲进一步整合等问题,主张不尽相同。此外,联盟党内的争端也在加大。基民盟和姐妹党基社盟之间因为难民及欧盟政策存在极大分歧。基社盟主席泽霍费尔要求收紧难民政策。这些都意味着联合政府的未来将“格外脆弱”。报道称,不同于2013年,默克尔已经不再是“团结德国”的总理。据基民盟内部人士透露,甚至到圣诞节前,联邦政府可能也很难正式成立。

与基民盟党部胜选后一片“惨淡欢呼”的景象不同,一直以“反移民”“反欧盟”作为政策目标的选择党支持者近两天来欢呼不绝。德国《法兰克福汇报》25日称,德国选择党获胜后,该党领导人高兰德向支持者表示,该党将会“狙击”默克尔,“夺回我们的国家与人民!”“我们将做的第一件事就是信守承诺,发起成立一个委员会调查默克尔。”他称,默克尔2015年让百万移民进入德国的决策不合法。该党另一位候选人威德尔则放言,2021年,选择党将誓夺德国联邦政府主导权。

与此同时,在柏林等城市,这两天都有许多示威民众在选择党举行庆典的俱乐部外游行,抗议者高喊“纳粹滚蛋”和“整个柏林都痛恨德国选择党”等口号。【环球时报驻德国、加拿大特约记者 青木 陶短房 陈一 柳玉鹏】

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