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附加型万能险:50家险企9月初仍在销售

2017-09-21 07:32:11   中国经济网

该产品的2013年至2016年实际结算收益率平均约为年化5.15%,最高5.2%,最低4.5%。因此,保单持有1年的平均年化收益为1.996%,持有两年的平均年化收益为4.093%,持有三年的平均年化收益为4.798%,因此该产品是保监会新规下典型的中短期存续品,并且对于有流动性需求的保单持有人往往会选择在前三年内结束该保单。

对于该类万能险的“理财本质”,保监会早有“察觉”。5月初保监会下发处罚函表示,经核查发现,某险企安享5号年金保险产品设计偏离保险本源,通过生存金返还设计形式,将消费者所交保费大量快速返还,把长期年金保险“长险短做”,实际做成两年期业务,规避中短存续期产品的有关监管规定,扰乱市场秩序。

而在当前的人身保险市场中,年金产品附加万能账户一度是寿险市场产品销售的主流之一。一方面,投保人通过主险的年金产品享受保险保障;另一方面,每年定期获得生存金(通常为基本保额的一定比例)自动进入附加的万能账户,通过日复利、月结息的方式提升投资回报,吸引客户的目光。

因此,对于这类保单,期末保单现金价值包括两部分:主险年金的现金价值+附加万能账户的保单账户价值,也即为该保险计划的强势卖点:“快速高额返还+复利型二次成长”。这类产品组合一方面能快速做大险企保费规模,另一方面从渠道角度分析是代理人完成业绩,银行完成中间收入目标的重要贡献点。

“快返”产品陆续停售

对于监管主动叫停附加万能险,东北证券认为,主要是为防止监管套利的现象,有保险公司设计主款产品不是中短存续期产品,但其附加险是典型的中短期存续品。同时,该保险组合主险保费远小于附加万能险的保费规模;更有甚者后期客户主险退保,附加险保留继续复利增值,偏离了“保险姓保,回归本源”的产品设计思路,因此保监发[2016]76号将投连、变额年金,按照中短存续期产品的定义要求进行评估和报告是监管层防止监管套利的必然之举。

根据“134号文”,两全、年金,首次生存金给付应在保单生效满5年之后,且每年给付或领取比例不得超过已交保险费的20%,这是继[2016]76号文后进一步对快速返还产品的限制。结合此前,保险公司中短存续期产品年度规模保费收入占当年总规模保费收入的比重在2019年年初、2020年年初和2021年年初分别控制在50%、40%和30%以内。

对于前述的“年金产品+附加万能账户”的保险产品,实务中部分保险公司允许投保人可以根据自己的情况随时向万能账户追加资金做理财,考虑到这部分资金基本不收取额外费用(初始费用、保单管理费和风险保险费),这偏离了“保险姓保”的行业发展思路,年金产品的保障功能被弱化,转而变身为纯“类理财”产品。

更为重要的是,根据东北证券调研发现,进入附加万能账户的保费/追加资金往往不收取额外的附加费用(初始费用+风险保费+保单管理费),同时保监会难以对这部分资金进行严密和透彻的监管,属于监管的“真空地带”。

需要说明的是,并非所有的万能险都是中短期产品。保监会副主席黄洪于2017年年初在国务院举办的新闻发布会上表示,“万能险有些公司的期限短,但是有些公司期限非常长,万能险的负债期限不断拉长,整体寿险业的负债期限也在拉长,我们三年期以上的产品占整个保费的比例是81%。”。

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