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提升金融业服务水平是根本出路
2017-09-18 07:21:38 中国经济网
第二,刚性兑付是金融业制度扭曲的结果。打破刚性兑付在金融界已经喊了很多年,中央文件屡屡提出要打破刚性兑付,为何至今仍未能打破呢?这里面有制度原因,也正是金融改革要努力的方向。风险自担是一切金融活动的基石,金融是居民财产自主运用的活动,承担风险,获取收益是金融运行的基本原则。但是,很多人没有在金融活动中树立契约的理念,更多地只想得到资金,使用资金,从来没想过对资金运用的效果负责。很多人投资的时候只想获取更多的收益,而没有想到更多的收益需要承担更多风险。
在计划经济体制下,对居民财产权的忽视和不尊重,使得居民丧失了自己是财产利益维护第一责任人的意识。政府管制过多,导致政府在经济生活中承担着无限的责任,责任越大,管制越多。金融长期处于受压制状态,正常的融资渠道不畅,给非法融资活动留下了很大的活动区间。公众在参与非法集资过程中的心态是盈利归自己,亏损找政府。在这种压力下,由于责任不清,政府往往采取花钱买稳定的做法,助长了刚性兑付文化。在刚性兑付文化下,中国只有财政,没有金融,所有金融活动的风险都通过不同的渠道转嫁到了财政身上,这也是很多人义无反顾地参与非法集资的根源。政府的精力应该更多地放在那些遵纪守法人的身上,让那些参与违法活动的人承担更多的责任。
国家信用和商业信用不区分,也是刚性兑付的基础。国家控股的金融机构是有限责任公司,不应该承担国家的信用。现在的银行,包括国有控股银行,已经是上市银行,应该承担公司的信用。我们推出了存款保险制度,每一个人应该想到,任何一个金融机构都有破产的可能,尽管在破产的过程当中,我们要保护小存款者的利益,但是这不意味着每个金融机构都是和国家同等的信用。有些金融机构,为了自己的竞争采取了不当的方式,误导社会公众,掩盖了金融信用和普通商业企业信用的差别,误导国家信用和商业信用的区别。在国家信用与商业信用不分的情况下,不可能树立风险自担文化。
金融法律不完善和监管理念落后,也让金融机构有可能不向公众如实揭露风险。行为的瑕疵导致金融机构以刚性兑付掩盖不当行为的责任。现在比较混乱的金融市场是理财市场,每个金融机构在销售理财产品的时候,是不是真心实意的,切实地向投资者揭示了风险?我认为不是的。理财产品销售人员的第一责任是把产品卖出去,而不是向客户揭示风险,给客户以选择的权利。由于在产品当中的一些法律关系揭示不清,在销售过程中的瑕疵,导致金融机构一旦面临风险的时候,首先不是想到怎样分清责任,而是想办法掩盖问题,保住自己的商誉,这也是刚性兑付不能够打破的重要原因。
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