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提升金融业服务水平是根本出路
2017-09-18 07:21:38 中国经济网
要解决当前问题,消除“魔咒”,金融业需要回归自己原来的职能——通过货币、资金的先行作用来实现经济资源的有效配置和利用。这样,金融业就面临着很大的改革任务。既然金融业服务于实体经济,服务于供给侧质量的提高,需要做哪些改革呢?原来在计划经济下形成的体制,在信用膨胀,货币超发情况下形成的一套做法,都需要做出变革。
比如说,我们现在的核心任务是改善经济发展方式、提高效率。在中国已经从简单赶超到领跑时代的情况下,创新就变得非常重要。创新产业的特点跟传统产业有很大不同,从金融的视角去观察,存在高风险和高回报的情况。而原来银行主导的金融体系往往无法适应,因为银行作为一个高负债经营的企业,天然的必须坚持审慎经营、比较保守的特性,不喜欢风险。
新的技术,新的创业企业,往往是高风险,同时也是高回报的,这就需要金融创新。创新有两个主要内容,一个是从0到1,原始性的创新。从0到1的创新具有非常明显的高风险和高回报的特性,这种创新,对于创始企业来说,最需要的金融形式就是在创新创业的各个阶段都有跟他相适应的金融形式,比如从天使投资到私募基金等等。另一种创新是所谓的从1到N,不完全是首创性的创新,我们可以拿来别人的创新,加以提高和改善,这种从1到N的效率的提高,也需要有跟他相适应的金融形式,开辟新的金融业务。有一个被经济学家关注的奇特现象,BAT最早拿到的投资都不是国内的金融企业给的,都是来自国外。为什么在全世界出类拔萃的一些中国企业,最早拿到的大笔投资,都是从国外来的。这就说明,我们的金融业需要总结经验,适应当前的形势,进行改革和创新。所以,鼓励金融创新是第一位的。当然,这还需要监管。为什么需要监管?最重要的原因是金融市场是一个信息高度不对称的市场,所以需要监管,加强监管不是要压制市场力量,而是要使市场运作得更好,市场力量得到提高。
吴晓灵:有序打破刚性兑付 防范系统性金融风险
第五次全国金融工作会议将防控金融风险列为三大重要任务之一。当前,防控金融风险的重要工作之一是有序打破刚性兑付,树立风险自担的文化。
第一,打破刚性兑付是提高资源配置效率的前提。在计划经济时代,计划是配置资源的龙头,而在市场经济条件下,金融资源的配置效率决定了社会资源的配置效率。如果金融配置效率低下,那么社会资源也不可能得到高效率的配置。不打破刚性兑付就无法反映风险溢价,就没有金融资源的配置效率。因为有风险,暴露风险,才能看出不同信用主体的价格。只有好的企业才能够以低的价格获得市场融资,而不好的企业应该为此付出高的代价,但是,当我们不能够打破刚性兑付的时候,好坏企业是无法区分的,他们没有风险的差价,也就不可能提高金融资源的配置效率,从而无法提高社会资源的配置效率。
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