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提升金融业服务水平是根本出路

2017-09-18 07:21:38   中国经济网

第三,有序打破刚性兑付,防范系统性金融风险。金融业是一个经营风险的行业,不出风险是不对的,出了风险才是正常的。企业的成长是有风险的,金融服务于有风险的企业,风险也会反映在金融业身上。如果大家都不去承担风险,不去承担创新的风险,不去承担损失的风险,何来社会的进步。因而,我们应该有承担风险的担当,也有容忍失败的宽容,让各类金融产品风险透明和暴露,才能切断风险的传递。当一个产品出现风险的时候,用另外一个产品,或者是另外一次融资来掩盖这个风险,那么就会使这个风险越积越大,最后从小风险积累成大风险,也就是有可能形成系统性风险。

有序打破刚性兑付,要从完善法律,明确风险责任做起。我希望无论是金融机构还是监管当局,还是地方政府,都应该有揭示风险、化解风险的责任担当。金融安全对国家安全至关重要,如果我们不把金融的信用基础,金融的契约精神树立好,金融安全就无从谈起。我们应该用典型案例区分责任与风险担当,用案例对全社会进行风险和信用的教育。只有这样,中国才有真正的金融,我们讲利率市场化,没有风险的暴露,不打破刚性兑付,没有违约事件,哪里来的风险定价。如果不打破刚性兑付,不真正地实现风险定价,中国只有财政,没有金融。

李扬:金融创新关键要服务实体经济

全国金融工作会议后,金融发展应当坚持三个原则:第一是服务实体经济,第二是支持普惠金融的发展,第三是支持绿色金融发展。今后,宏观经济要想稳定发展就取决于这三个领域的进展。

首先,金融服务实体经济是一个老话题。我想结合金融创新,Fintech最近的一些情况来说一说金融服务实体经济的问题。

金融是一个高科技产业,所有科技成果都会在金融行业率先广泛使用。比如说,抵押贷款证券化,这在当时也是高新科技应用于金融活动的著名例证。最早把一批信贷资产放在一起,分割出各具特色的现金流,依据它发新的证券,满足不同人的投资需求,这种想法早就有,由于科技没有发展到这种程度,这个想法无法变成产品。20世纪50年代前后,随着新的计算技术的发展,它变成了现实。所以现在市场上可以看到,可投资于大量的证券化资产,因为必须能够迅速算出价值,然后给它定价,这就是高新科技服务实体经济的例证。

但是与它相关就有很多不服务实体经济的例子,比如说在MBS、ABS基础上产生了非常多的衍生品,衍生品本身和实体经济的关系就已经疏远了。对这些衍生品进行炒作,就是我经常说的金融业自娱自乐,这种自娱自乐把整个经济,整个金融推到了危机的风头上,以至于全球不得不用一次非常大的,到现在还没有完全恢复过来的危机,来纠正这种不服务实体经济的金融创新。

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