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大宗商品上升周期形成 进入“慢牛”状态

2017-09-08 08:47:11   中国经济网

全国货运量明显增加。中国铁路总公司公布数据显示,今年前7个月全国铁路货物发送量完成16.86亿吨,同比增长15.1%。其中,7月完成2.46亿吨,同比增长17%,同期全国公路货物运输量同比增长110.4%。全国货运量的明显增加,显示了大宗商品需求的增加。

上述所有指标表明,今年乃至2018年中国经济增长前景乐观,这就使得中国的大宗商品需求继续旺盛。这是决定与影响市场行情的主流。

2.从长期看,诸多长周期因素亦对大宗商品牛市形成有力支撑

在短期利好因素构筑大宗商品好基础的同时,一些长周期因素,也对中国大宗商品市场新的上升周期形成有力支撑。这些长周期因素,主要有以下七个方面。

一是经济企稳复苏刺激消费旺盛增长。

上半年,中国经济(GDP)增速6.9%,超出预期,几乎所有重要经济指标都有提速,预计下半年经济增速还有可能达到或者接近6.9%。为此,世界权威组织与机构数次调高中国经济增长预期。与此同时,全球主要经济体也出现同步提速。经合组织(OECD)公布数据,全球主要经济体10年来首次出现同步增长,其中33个国家的经济预期将比上年加速。目前普遍的预测认为,2017年世界经济将增长3.5%。2018年经济增速还有望提高。

国内外经济企稳回升或复苏态势的确立,且可能维持数年时间,这就提供了大宗商品需求稳定增长的大环境。预计2017年及今后若干年内,中国重要大宗商品的年度表观消费量(国内需求)增幅都不会低于5%。重要大宗商品中,矿石、金属、能源、农产品等需求尤为旺盛。比如近年来中国粗钢表观消费进入了上行通道,由2015年下降5%转为2016年增长2%,而到今年一季度同比增长9.9%,上半年增长10.2%,7月份飙升至17.9%。国内外经济企稳,刺激大宗商品消费旺盛,这是其上升周期的坚实基础。

二是新技术革命显著提高需求强度。

一些低估中国大宗商品需求的观点,总是借用西方国家的经验,比如粗钢、铁矿石等曾经有过的消费峰值,来套算中国的最高年度需求量,这很容易得出不正确的结论。且不说中国人口众多,仅中产阶层数量就达到西方国家人口总和;且不说中国地区差别很大,存在巨大的发展潜力与容纳空间;也不说以往西方国家以一两百年的时间完成的工业化进程,在中国则缩减到50年内完成,仅仅是“新技术革命”一项因素,就能够将中国的大宗商品,比如钢材(3986,4.00, 0.10%)的国内需求峰值(不含钢材直接出口)推升到一个比西方国家历史峰值高得多的水平。

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