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商业地产的焦虑与机会:6万亿存量曾被低估

2017-08-25 07:31:23   中国经济网

重资产改造,一般是金融机构通过资产买入或股权并购老旧商业地产项目(商场、写字楼、酒店、旧厂房等)的方式获得标的,在成功买入后,通过变更物业用途、重新定位或优化功能规划等方式,对标的资产进行恰当改造,以便准确赋能从而有效改善物业现金流(租金收入)、提升物业整体价值。

资深地产人士薛建雄表示,这类物业一般在城市的核心地段,在确保价值的基础上,一些金融资本通过收购改造,或者通过私募基金等方式持有运营,提升资产的溢价空间。

“不过这类模式的周期较长,没有充足的资金实力,会难以为继。因此,在这类存量物业的改造中,地产基金就非常重要,其扮演了募资人、财务投资人、资金供给方的角色又兼具运营管理者的身份。”薛建雄认为。

实际上,改造的难度也与物业本身有关,相比之下,旧厂房、老公房一类老旧物业的改造空间较大。而产权仅剩10年~20年的写字楼、商场、酒店等物业,全面结构性改造的空间则很小,往往通过对配套设施以及定位的改换,来提升物业竞争力,这对成本、时间以及团队实力要求更高。

与重资产相对的另一种模式——轻资产改造,则相对运作门槛稍低。这类模式在实际应用中也更为人熟知,近年来频频兴起的长租公寓、长租办公、联合办公等都是目前较为主流的存量改造轻资产模式。

据了解,这类模式的实质是“二房东”改造的运营模式。通过租赁或合作的方式获得物业的使用权,之后进行改造和二次租赁,并通过两者剪刀差获得收益。

“这类模式的好处是对资金要求较低,但对团队的运营管理及改造能力要求高,而且在行业洗牌下,有资金实力和规模优势的企业才有更高胜算,目前也仅有魔方公寓、裸心社等少数几家企业效益较好。”业内人士表示。

抢占未来空间需一只“金”手臂

总体而言,无论重资产盘活还是轻资产运营,面对存量物业,企业的运作模式已经从“产销模式”变为了“资管模式”。就房企而言,也从利用单一资金买地造房,变成了通过优化运营盘活物业获取收益。

但值得一提的是,在实体商业衰落与多种商业业态过剩的双重压力下,传统的租售物业、商业运营等方式已经很难解压。而且商业地产的投资大、回报周期长,对于资金的依赖强度比住宅大,这也使得以往国内融资模式较为单一的房企,不可能实现较大的提升和规模扩张。

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