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资金面或有“持久战”:超储率或已暂时降至1%

2017-08-23 11:27:54   中国经济网

此外,在去杠杆风险未出清的情况下,金融机构资金需求存在刚性,与超储率下滑之间也存在矛盾。

  央行有“定力” 机构得有“耐力”

在超储率偏低、资金面波动重新加大的背景下,最近央行的态度耐人寻味,用“央妈”的话来说就是——保持了定力。

从OMO情况来看,7月央行流动性投放规模是增加的,净投放量超过了4月、5月、6月三个月的总和,但结合财政存款变化来看,7月央行流动性投放显然不够。8月以来,上半月OMO净回笼980亿元,上周恢复净投放2220亿元,眼看上周五资金面稍有所改善,本周初央行即连续实施净回笼,令资金面预期再度收紧。

22日早,央行开展600亿元逆回购操作,净回笼100亿元;21日,OMO净回笼500亿元。本周到期逆回购总量为7500亿元,如果央行维持当前操作力度,全周出现净回笼可能性不小。

机构认为,央行对超储率下滑容忍度上升,即对资金面偏紧的容忍度上升。在超储率偏低的情况下,央行保持了定力,没有大幅投放流动性,意在避免杠杆率回升的同时掌握更多的主动权。

前述银行交易员表示,5月中旬以来,资金面趋稳,监管加强预期减弱,一些债券投资者的杠杆有所回升。金融机构杠杆回升,可能引发了央行警觉,央行保持“定力”或带有“警告”的色彩。

不过,过低超储率暗藏流动性风险,不利于金融市场稳定,央行也明确表态将继续“削峰填谷”,加强公开市场操作,保持流动性基本稳定。分析人士认为,在央行“削峰填谷”支持下,流动性紧张不会持续太久,短期看,月末资金面回暖受限,但随着财政支出增多,继续收紧的可能性不大。

9月资金面仍值得关注。一则9月属季末月份,监管考核压力较大;二则9月到期同业存单不少,在传统负债争夺激烈的情况下,机构续发压力大,对资金面或有冲击。据Wind数据,8月到期同业存单(含大额存单)为1.6万亿,9月将增至2.2万亿。虽然季末月份财政支出力度也较大,但放款往往集中在月末,难以缓解月中备付压力。

从更长期来看,低超储意味着资金面“底子薄”,出现波动在所难免,要增强流动性稳定性,需提升超储率,要么源于外汇占款大幅回升,要么源于央行大额流动性投放(降准等),但这两项似乎都还需等待,总之,防御资金面波动可能成为“持久战”,做好负债和流动性管理仍是当前要务。

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