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资金面或有“持久战”:超储率或已暂时降至1%

2017-08-23 11:27:54   中国经济网

  超储率低 资金面“底子薄”

进一步统计显示,8月以来,银行间最具代表性的DR007算术均值为2.87%,较7月的2.81%高6BP。历史上,8月流动性状况通常要好于7月,货币市场利率中枢一般也低于7月。近期资金面紧绷程度及持续时间均超出先前市场预期。

与7月中旬资金面波动的诱因一样,这次资金面收紧的主要触发因素仍是缴税。8月税期到15日结束,但银行走款会持续2-3天,由此导致15日至18日资金面受到缴税影响。从往年来看,8月缴税压力要小于7月,且全月财政存款多会出现净减少,形成流动性净投放,这也是8月流动性状况通常要好于7月的一个重要原因。

到底是什么原因导致8月流动性出现超预期的收紧?机构认为,缴税、缴准及央行流动性工具到期等只是诱因,症结还是超储率偏低。

央行公布的6月末超额准备金率(近似超储率)为1.4%。从7月份金融数据来看,7月财政存款增加1.16万亿,央行口径的财政存款也增加1.03万亿,均是历史单月最高增量。

中金公司报告认为,这1万亿财政存款增量,不仅远高于历史同期水平(历史同期均值约4000亿),其增量甚至接近于上调法定准备金率100BP的影响。尽管央行7月通过OMO投放了4725亿元,但难以抵消财政存款上升的影响,致使超储率已进一步下降。据中金公司分析师测算,7月末的超储率已降至1.1%左右,仅比2011年三季度的历史最低值0.8%略高一些。

再看8月以来,截至22日,央行通过OMO净投放920亿元,本月外汇占款或有一定上升,但月中缴税和缴准规模可能超过千亿元,再考虑到月初以来政府债券发行(公开发行规模已接近5000亿元),目前超储率不会明显高于7月末,甚至更低。前述券商交易员就认为,8月中缴准缴税过后,超储率或已暂时降至1%一线,接近历史极低位置。

分析指出,低超额备付意味着流动性总量少,稳定性下降,面临的边际扰动会被放大,这在去年以来表现得已较为明显。目前超储率处在历史低位,这种波动就更明显。

而且,超储率偏低使得机构倾向于采取防御心态,银行融出资金意愿下降,机构预防性资金需求上升,易引发资金面紧张或加剧供求矛盾。最近的情况正是如此,银行融出意愿低,致非银机构融资难度很大,且公开市场操作存在局限性,即便央行增加了流动性供应,大机构在得到资金后未必会马上融出或者市价融出,大中行-小行-非银的流动性传导经常不畅。

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