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无人驾驶汽车离上路还有多远? 法律伦理都是拦路虎

2017-07-13 18:27:15   北京晨报

为了不让无人驾驶汽车的一双眼睛成为摆设,开发人员就要给它们配备相应的“脑子”。这也是为什么许多无人驾驶汽车厂商都在开发深度学习系统,有了这门技术,它们轻易就能超越人类需要练习100个小时才能达到的“老司机”的境界。

英特尔公司收购移动眼也正是有此用意,这些深度学习系统通常需要大量的标签数据。收集原始数据虽然成本很高,但可行性高,方法也比较“简单粗暴”:只需在大量汽车上安装传感器和计算机,然后就等着它们在公路网中跑上个数百万小时吧。一旦跑回来,接下来的工作才是费时费工费脑子的,镜头记录下的大量素材需要处理,人、汽车、各类危险、交通灯、车道标记等都需要“贴标签”。移动眼公司意识到这种繁琐的工作偷不了懒,于是雇用了数百名员工专门为图像“贴标签”,这种脚踏实地的作风也使其成为了该领域的引领者。有了这些基础,未来,移动眼等其他公司会越来越多地使用模拟技术生成大部分数据,而不再靠人力了。

“性格”比人谨慎 遇到路边慢跑者会减速停车

目前,无人驾驶汽车通常比人类司机更“胆小”,因为我们能够更准确地了解周围发生着什么。在一段测试视频中,当一辆特斯拉遇到路边的慢跑者时会减速到几乎停下。而当我们遇到同样情况时,会作出“慢跑者不太可能突然跳到马路上”的判断,而系统则被设计得更为谨慎(至少现在的系统都是这样)。

以目前的技术来看,无人驾驶车的谨慎确实很有必要。它们还不太擅长处理那些百万分之一可能会发生的“小概率”事件,比如前车上掉下来一个沙发,或者一些穿着奇葩装束的人出现在路边。

自动眼开发的视觉技术可能会提供更多的“微妙场景”,帮助汽车训练得更为自信。还能读懂人的面部表情,分析出路边行人的姿势和可能的意图,甚至能够“看穿”旁边的汽车,究竟对方的司机是在好好看路还是在玩手机。此外,这种视觉技术能够与人类司机无缝对接,通过辅助保护系统帮助我们避免错误。

名词解释

自动驾驶汽车(Autonomous car)和无人驾驶汽车(Driverless Car)是同一种事物,但不同地方叫法不同,欧洲偏向于称之为自动驾驶汽车,而美国多用后者。

当地时间3月6日,美国加州毕晓普兰奇,法国EasyMile公司生产的无人驾驶公交车EZ10正在当地部署测试。

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