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分享经济是个啥?这一系列报道给说明白了

2017-07-13 18:18:04   中国经济网

对消费者来说,需要一本明白账:押金去哪儿了,资金安全有没有保障?专家们也在呼吁,分享经济的资金池和吸储属性,必须得到高度重视,监管需要及时跟进。

风险不断积累

“分享经济中的押金和实体经营中的预付卡类似,也要吸取以前一些预付卡公司倒闭的教训。”恒丰银行研究院执行院长、中国人民大学重阳金融研究院客座研究员董希淼表示。

今年1月份,中国人民银行通报了多起支付机构挪用占用客户备付金的案例,其中就包括上海畅购恶意挪用备付金使5.14万人权益受损事件。

预付卡就是支付机构发行的,可以在超市、商场等消费的一种储值卡。持卡消费者在未使用预付卡时,卡里的资金虽属于消费者所有,但暂时由支付机构保管,这部分资金称为备付金。

2014年7月份,上海畅购企业服务有限公司获准在上海、江苏、浙江等地发行预付卡。但很快就出现了问题,4个月后,央行上海总部发现,该公司把客户的钱挪用了,将客户的备付金用于公司日常开支及股东分红等。这个消息逐渐传开来,不少消费者担心卡作废,急于将预付卡中的钱花掉。

当消费者集中用卡时,畅购公司的资金链断裂了。由于备付金严重不足且资金筹措不力,畅购卡遭商户大面积停止受理,造成资金风险敞口达7.8亿元,涉及持卡人5.14万人,客户权益受到严重侵害,引发了群体事件,破坏了社会稳定。

这与当前分享经济中的押金类似。这部分资金目前缺乏监管,一旦被挪用造成资金链断裂,受伤的只会是消费者。

根据第三方数据机构易观的报告,今年4月份,ofo和摩拜单车新增活跃用户数均超过1000万,若以每名用户最低交纳99元押金计算,两家共享单车企业收取的押金总额就高达20亿元。一边是持续增长的分享经济用户数,另一边是滚雪球般增加的押金,风险正在不断积累。

此外,共享单车在收取押金时并非按单车数量收取,而是依据用户数,这就导致了“一车多押”的现象。前车之鉴还有一些互联网金融公司,他们同样积累了大量的资金,形成了资金池并实行期限错配,由于监管的缺失,滋生了不少金融乱象。

分享经济也并非没有负面案例。2017年2月份,kala单车就出现了投资人将公司账目上的部分用户押金划走事件。

监管需及时跟进

该谁管、怎么管?这给监管部门带来了新挑战。

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