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分享经济是个啥?这一系列报道给说明白了

2017-07-13 18:18:04   中国经济网

但在培养了用户消费习惯,同时推动市场完成洗牌之后,分享经济依然要回归理性,找到可持续的盈利模式。ofo创始人戴威也坦言:“烧钱只是战术层面的事,如果‘产品力’不存在,商业逻辑不成立,你技术越强,越懂运营的规则,反而会在错的方向上跑得更远,因为你的能量掩盖了很多已经存在的问题。”

但问题就在于,分享经济的盈利模式真的已经走通了吗?

距市场成熟仍有一段路

“在美国,分享经济也有一些后来证明行不通的商业模式,只是因为处在风口而受到资本青睐。目前来看,除了交通和住宿领域,其他资产的分享还难言成功。”分享经济专家、纽约大学斯特恩商学院教授阿鲁·萨丹拉彻如此表示。

对于分享经济来说,资本狂热带来的激烈竞争,不仅带来成本上升,也让平台无法保持稳定的用户数量,获客成本高,客户变现利润低仍是它们需要面对的主要问题。

从盈利模式上来看,分时租赁产生的租金收入是分享经济盈利最单纯直接的方式,但对于各个细分领域尚未成熟完善的市场,建立“游戏规则”也需要大量投入,比如共享单车要解决车辆折旧、损毁维护乃至智能定点停车的问题,短租领域要面对建立质量评价和反馈机制的问题,共享充电宝则要解决庞大的地推成本问题。

另一看似靠谱的盈利模式则出于“灰色地带”,那就是分享经济中被广泛质疑的押金资金池。按照摩拜单车公布的最新数据,摩拜注册用户量超过1亿,以每个用户299元押金计算,仅押金就将近300亿元。有业内人士测算,以这一沉淀的押金量计算,即使通过银行的基本运作,年收益也能达到数亿元。ofo也在近日宣布,将押金从原来的99元提高到199元。在共享充电宝、共享雨伞、共享篮球等方向上,用户在使用前同样要先交纳一笔押金。

中国政法大学知识产权法研究中心特约研究员李俊慧表示:“分享经济中这些名曰共享实为租赁的平台,通过押金规则可以形成一个巨大的资金池。当资金池达到一定规模后,按照人头而非车辆收取的押金,就有可能因不当使用而造成风险。”中央民族大学法学院教授邓建鹏也表示:“押金一定要保证专款专用,绝对不能挪作他用,也不能够被用于投资、借贷等用途。”

尽管摩拜和ofo均几次三番表示,用户缴纳的押金统一存放在银行,由第三方资金监管,但小蓝单车副总裁胡宇沸也曾表示:“小蓝单车的押金一大部分是留存用于客户的退款需求,在保证押金随时退还的情况下,其他一部分押金用于继续生产车辆。”

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