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分享经济是个啥?这一系列报道给说明白了

2017-07-13 18:18:04   中国经济网

6月14日,互联网打车软件巨头Uber创始人兼CEO卡兰尼克被董事会剥夺权利“无限期休假”。在过去半年内,Uber近10名副总裁以上级别的高管先后离职。业内普遍认为,Uber出现的困局原因在于其盈利“遥遥无期”。

中国的分享经济巨头们,同样面临“想说赚钱不容易”。合并了快的、优步中国的滴滴即使在市场上“一家独大”,且摆脱了“烧钱大战”后,也并未传来有望盈利的消息。ofo小黄车进入全国200个城市,仅在几个城市实现盈利,摩拜单车CEO王晓峰则在此前直言:“如果我有30%的利润率,为什么要找投资者?为什么让他们来跟我们一起分钱?之所以不停地找投资者,就是因为没有清晰的盈利模式。”小猪短租CEO陈驰也认为,在这个发展阶段,考虑盈利还太早了,“没有一家企业会傻到为了盈利而放弃市场扩展。”

分享经济服务商们的“输血”和“造血”能力显然难以平衡。但在盈与亏之间,它们真的能找到更可持续的发展模式吗?或者说得再直接一点,分享经济为什么不赚钱?

眼下还是忙着烧钱圈地

6月22日,拿到新一轮6亿美元融资的摩拜单车宣布进入日本,这也是继新加坡和英国之后,摩拜单车进入的第三个海外市场。此前,ofo则宣布进入哈萨克斯坦,表示已在美国、英国、新加坡、哈萨克斯坦四个国家的多个城市投放单车。在资本的支持下,共享单车巨头的“跑马圈地”从国内延伸到了海外。

分享经济不言盈利,在很大程度上正是在资本的驱使下寻求规模的快速扩大,资本主导了“游戏规则”,投资机构梅花天使创投合伙人吴世春就表示:“想进入这个共享市场的财务和战略投资人非常多,他们有些是为自己产品寻求协同效应,有的希望借此创造高频用户入口,也有为基金刷品牌存在感的,大家唯一都不提的就是如何赚钱。”

这也让“烧钱补贴”成为常态。同样在共享单车领域,尽管和网约车相比,用户对价格相对不十分敏感,但“价格战”同样一再出现,你宣布“周末免费骑”,我就宣布“整周免费骑”,你推出“红包车”,我就推出“骑行得红包”。有分析表示,仅摩拜和ofo两家,每周的补贴费用就达到了千万元级别。

资本疯狂“烧钱”并非只是头脑发热。在腾讯研究院副院长孟昭莉看来,分享经济意味着对人们生活方式的改变,“烧钱是一个行之有效的广告方式,有培养用户的作用,能迅速发现潜在用户、缩短培养潜在用户的时间,比如滴滴快的的补贴,让40岁至50岁的用户也能够快速融入”。市场研究机构易观互联网出行行业分析师王晨曦同样表示,“烧钱”对于增加活跃用户,以及增强用户黏性的效果都比较显著。从监测到的数据来看,其中摩拜和ofo都是属于用户体量增长特别快的企业,其他企业在搞这些活动的时候对于拉动用户的体量也有明显的效果。

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