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下半年“补短板”改革步入攻坚期 收入分配提速

2017-06-30 09:39:44   经济参考报

就在今年6月初,国家发改委正式公布《2017年深化收入分配制度改革重点工作安排》(以下简称“工作安排”),明确了四大方面19项重点工作。部署了多项促进收入增长和提高收入公平性的务实举措,传递出深化收入分配制度改革的坚强决心。

  聚焦公平 收入分配和个税改革提速

下半年,收入分配制度将是改革的重点之一。依据发改委发布的“工作安排”,将推进系列举措:城乡居民增收综合配套政策、专项激励计划、收入监测等三类试点将陆续启动;技能人才、科研人员、新型职业农民等多个群体有望实现增收;初次分配制度不断完善,再分配调节力度持续加大。此外,还将组织开展城乡居民增收综合配套政策试点,专项激励计划和收入监测试点,研究建立收入分配政策评估体系等。

据国家发改委新闻发言人孟玮介绍,“工作安排”针对初次分配、再分配和强化公平等19项工作都对应了相关责任单位。

专家表示,分配公平正义仍是这次改革的主要目标,此外还要有助于推进经济转型以及提高劳动效率。国家发改委经济研究所副研究员李清彬认为,面向未来,要下大力气完善市场评价要素贡献并按贡献分配的机制,保障初次分配的规则公平。包括着力清除市场壁垒,加快形成企业自主经营、公平竞争和要素自由流动、平等交换的现代市场体系,提高资源配置效率和公平性;以及加快推进户籍制度改革,消除农村户口和城镇户口之间的等级差距和流动限制等。

此外,同样肩负分配公平使命的个人所得税改革思路已经清晰,并在加速推进。本轮个税改革将依照“增低、扩中、调高”的总原则,建立“综合与分类相结合”的新税收体制,通过税制设计,合理调节社会收入分配,进一步平衡劳动所得与资本所得税负。

具体而言,是以走向“综合与分类相结合”的新税收体制为目标,将工资薪金、劳务报酬、稿酬等部分收入项目,实行按年汇总纳税,同时适当增加二孩家庭教育支出等与家庭生计相关的专项开支扣除项目。另一方面,财产转让等方面的收入所得项目继续实行分类征收。

当前,加快推进个税改革已成为业内比较一致的呼声。记者了解到,下一步,个人所得税改革的配套改革措施将加速推进。包括制定个人收入和财产信息系统建设总体方案、推动建立适应个税改革的自然人税收管理体系、进一步完善个税风险分析系统以及研究提出配套管理办法等都将在年内推进。业内认为,配套措施改革提速,将为本轮个税改革更快、更好地推进和落地进一步扫除障碍。

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