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中国为短缺药供应开“药方” 近50种短缺药不再短缺

2017-06-30 09:39:01   经济参考报

鱼精蛋白能否不再面临季节性药“荒”、罕见病患者“救命药”能否再多一点、儿童用药能否进一步得到保障……如何让“一药不再难求”,我国正在开出“药方”,通过组织定点生产、应急生产、优化药品研发流程等全链条发力,完善短缺药供应保障体系。

近50种短缺药不再短缺

“通过汇总分析各地监测上报品种,并委托中国药学会等机构开展的1000多家样本医疗卫生机构短缺药调查,已初步确定,我国有130种药品存在不同程度短缺。”国家卫生计生委副主任曾益新介绍,这些药品大多是常用低价药和专科、急(抢)救药。

日前,国家卫生计生委等9部门印发《关于改革完善短缺药品供应保障机制的实施意见》,明确提出通过定点生产、协调应急生产和进口、完善短缺药储备等多种方式,保障短缺药品供应。

我国正瞄准130种药品短缺的具体原因,“一对一”提出解决之策:全国年均使用量只有一万多支、企业已停产近三年的丝裂霉素,相关部门已协调组织应急生产;治疗儿童心功能不全的地高辛口服溶液,已适当给予补贴,实施定点生产;临床用于治疗心梗和心力衰竭的多巴胺,主要通过供需对接和协商调剂,解决了短缺问题……

近年来,通过协调应急生产、完善短缺药品储备等一揽子政策,我国解决短缺药品供应难题的努力取得了一定成果。截至目前,在列入短缺药品清单中的130种药品中,已有近50种解决了短缺问题。

短缺药供应长效机制启动

随着各项政策不断完善,一些长期困扰短缺药品供应的政策性难题正在“破题”。例如2016年食药监总局发布了《关于解决药品注册申请积压实行优先审评审批的意见》,对优先审评列出了17种情形,将临床急需、市场短缺的药品纳入优先审评范围,同时明确了优先审评程序和工作要求。

同时,要优化短缺药品供应管理体系,就必须使药品短缺保障从“救火式”应急管理,向常态化、系统化监管转变,建立以早期预警为核心的药品短缺信息收集机制成为重中之重。

曾益新介绍,我国也正在向这一方向努力,完善国家、省、地市、县四级监测预警机制,通过合理布局监测哨点,安排信息源,激活短缺医药供应的“神经末梢”。

医改政策加强联动

业内人士介绍,要疏通药品短缺的“栓塞”并非一日之功,破解难题还需持续发力。要改变一些廉价药品“叫好不叫座”问题,就应在顶层设计上做文章,加强医改政策联动,让“医院愿意采购、医生愿意开方”。

“当前尤应加快推进医保付费方式改革,提高医疗机构主动节约成本、控制费用的意识,调动其优先使用低价药品的积极性。同时,药品采购也应增强医疗机构的参与度,以优惠价格鼓励医院批量采购低价药,以优质服务确保低价药配送及时到位。”国家卫生计生委相关负责人称。

同时,中国药学会科技开发中心副主任肖鲁等专家称,要让短缺药不再“失踪”,还需要建立科学的公立医院薪酬制度,通过合理的绩效考核引导医务人员选用价廉质优的药品。

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