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上半年IPO同比增逾三倍 IPO“去库存”仍将持续

2017-06-30 09:37:08   经济参考报

在新股发行步入常态化的背景下,上半年A股IPO宗数和筹资额分别较去年同期增长逾三倍。此间机构预测,在拟上市公司数量较上年末下降约两成的基础上,下半年IPO“去库存”仍将持续。

去年下半年以来,新股发行明显提速。进入2017年之后,IPO迎来常态化。

审计、税务、财务交易和咨询服务机构安永最新发布的研究报告显示,预计上半年A股共有246家公司首发,筹资总额达到1256亿元人民币。两个数字分别较去年同期增加303%和336%。单就数量而言,上半年A股IPO已经超过了去年全年的水平。

上述报告同时显示,上半年全球共发行772宗IPO,筹资834亿美元。以宗数计算,沪深两市上半年IPO分列全球交易所冠、亚军,合计占全球比例超过三成,筹资额占比也超过了两成。

由于缺乏大型银行股登陆,上半年A股前十大IPO共筹资228亿元,筹资额均低于50亿元。上半年规模位列前三甲的IPO均来自证券业,分别为中国银河、浙商证券和中原证券。零售和消费品上市企业在前十大IPO筹资总额中的占比超过四分之一。

除了数量和规模,一系列相关数据透露出IPO市场的一些新动向。

常态化下,上半年企业IPO过会至获得批文的平均间隔天数较以往明显缩短,其中4、5月均为14天,最长的2月也仅为36天。安永评价认为,IPO审核时间缩短,且“越来越可预期”。伴随新股“稀缺性”降低,新股上市后平均“一字板”天数由1、2月的10天和13天降至6月的6天。截至6月23日的统计显示,新股平均回报为153%,较上年同期大幅下降。其中创业板由2016年上半年的548%降至203%。在杜绝“带病申报”的背景下,新股发审否决率由去年全年的7%上升至今年上半年的14%。主动撤回IPO申请的也非个案。

另一个值得关注的变化是,伴随新股供应增加和重大资产重组审核趋严,以往火爆的“借壳”呈现显著降温态势。统计显示,截至6月25日上半年A股市场仅有4例借壳上市,为去年同期的三分之一;交易总价值为580.6亿元,与去年全年的近2000亿元相去甚远。

得益于新股发行常态化,以往“排队”IPO的现象有所改观。有统计显示,截至目前待审企业为585家,较上年末下降了约两成。业界认为,在大力发展直接融资的主基调下,下半年IPO“去库存”仍将持续。

值得注意的是,受金融“去杠杆”、市场弱势震荡等因素影响,近期A股IPO节奏有所放缓。5月26日至6月23日,证监会核准企业首发申请分别为7家、4家、8家、6家、6家,较此前每周的10家有所减少。

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