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虚假病假条灰色空间如何压缩? 管理有待加强

2017-06-27 14:56:23   法制日报

邓利强:如果有人来核查病假条的真假,医院有确切的义务来证实。

伪造涉及哪些法律责任

记者:伪造病假条的行为是什么性质?制造假病假条出售的人有何法律责任?

邓利强:病假条不是国家机关公文,但在伪造过程中,一定会私刻医院公章,无论是门诊章或是诊断证明章,伪造印章是典型的刑事犯罪。

以往公安机关对这类现象关注较少,公安机关可以循着医院卫生间里的线索,追踪制作和销售假病假条的人,发现一起,刑事立案一起,这种现象就会杜绝。

刘鑫:制造假病假条的人,有可能涉及伪证、印章造假等法律责任。

记者:在生活中,有人买了假的病假条,或交到单位或在诉讼中使用,这种行为是什么性质?这种知假买假的行为应如何治理?

邓利强:买假病假条并使用,首先是欺骗,还要进一步看骗什么。单独使用假的病假条请假,造成的社会危害不大。如果是骗保,则会引发刑事法律责任。需要注意的是,假的病假条常与其他文件一起起作用,从而可能成为涉嫌犯罪的线索。

刘鑫:病假条是一个重要的医疗证明文件,使用假病假条的行为可能构成欺诈。法律评价还要看情节和危害后果。

比如,某人只是购买了一张假的病假条到单位去请短期的假,被查出来了,没有产生什么严重后果,不太可能涉及刑事犯罪和行政处罚。从用人单位角度来说,加强制度和管理,加强验证的环节,也能起到压缩假病假条生存空间的作用,这对单位、对职工权益保障都有好处。

如果购买使用的量大,其情节可能就严重了,但不等于说只开一张就不算严重。如果涉及到巨额赔偿,或者在诉讼中因为一张假的病假条闹得“天翻地覆”,也可能认定为情节严重。此外,购买假的病假条,也涉及参与制造假病假条的违法犯罪。

假的病假条出现在诉讼中时,根据侵权责任法的规定,当事人除了要提交病假条还要用病历来佐证;涉及病假休息期间做了康复,还要提交康复费用的票据;涉及到误工,需要提交所在单位开具的误工证明。只有病假条就成了孤证,不能以此来主张误工费和治疗费等。

假的病假条出现在民事诉讼中,法官可以对当事人提供伪证的行为进行处理、给予制裁。这也是减少知假买假行为的一种方式。

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