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养老金中央调剂制度方案提上日程 关于它哪个是真相?

2017-06-27 14:55:43   中国经济周刊

文章导读: 养老金账户缺口或亏空,早已不是新鲜话题。此前,坊间流传着多个版本:有“养老金个人账户缺口至少2万亿”的说法,也有日前清华大学发布“个人账户空账4.7万亿”的说法,现在又出现了 “8万亿~10万亿缺口”的说法,这一数据达到了前所未有的高度,瞬时吸晴无数。

《中国经济周刊》首席摄影记者 肖翊 I 摄

《中国经济周刊》记者 王红茹 | 北京报道

责编:赵泽

(本文刊发于《中国经济周刊》2017年第25期)

老有所养,病有所医,这是每个人最朴素的愿望和追求。也因如此,任何关于养老金的风吹草动都备受社会关注。

这次引发热议的,是中国保监会原副主席周延礼在2017清华五道口金融论坛上的发言,他说:预计在未来5到10年中,我国养老金缺口大约是8万亿~ 10万亿元。

养老金账户缺口或亏空,早已不是新鲜话题。此前,坊间流传着多个版本:有“养老金个人账户缺口至少2万亿”的说法,也有日前清华大学发布“个人账户空账4.7万亿”的说法,现在又出现了 “8万亿~10万亿缺口”的说法,这一数据达到了前所未有的高度,瞬时吸晴无数。

客观地说,对养老金未来的支付能力作出预判和预测,是对远期负责的一种态度,也是有忧患意识的表现。但是,因为数据的千差万别,不明就里的老百姓迷惑不已:到底哪一个数据才是真实的?如果养老金账户亏空的情况真的如此严重,我们老了还能领到养老金吗?

养老金缺口8万亿~10万亿言过其实?

周延礼虽然引用的是学术部门的统计数字,但是经他发布后,产生了巨大影响力。这已不是官员或学者第一次发出这样的警示,对于养老金这一隐形债务,业内人士及相关部门都有自己的测算和判断。

清华大学就业与社会保障研究中心在今年4月发布的一项报告显示,我国的养老保险基金已出现当期的资金缺口,个人账户“空账”4.7万亿元,并动用累计结余来“保发放”。

清华大学就业与社会保障中心主任杨燕绥表示,当前养老保险制度可持续性处于差等空间,如不尽快对制度进行调整,一旦把累计结余用尽,养老保险基金将面临着崩盘的风险。

去年末,中国社科院社会保险研究所所长郑秉文执笔的《中国养老金发展报告2016》中也提出,2015年城镇职工基本养老保险个人账户累计记账额(即“空账”)达到47144亿元,而当年城镇职工养老保险基金累计结余额只有35345亿元,这表明城镇职工基本养老保险资产和负债之间缺口在扩大,预计在不久的将来,基金累计结余将会被耗尽。

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