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养老保险制度非“陷阱” 年轻人不愿参保因不懂

2017-05-15 17:16:26   北京晚报

影响养老保险金的因素主要有两个:缴费的基数和缴费时间长短。从缴纳基数看,延迟退休后,工资上涨的概率大。从缴费时间来说,延迟退休后缴费时间延长,基础养老金数额自然是增加的。根据李忠的说法可以得出以下结论,工龄越长,最后拿到手的养老金就越多。

李忠还用数学的方式解释了这个问题:养老保险有关文件规定,50岁退休的月除数是190,55岁退休的月除数是175,60岁退休的月除数是139。月除数是随着年龄的增长变小的,则越推迟退休,个体账户的养老金就会越多。

通过上述说法可以得出结论:延迟退休年龄对个人养老保险待遇不会有大的影响。受延迟退休政策影响最严重的70、80后们可以放心了,除了需要在工作单位多待几年外,其他的方面是不会受到太大的影响的。

年轻人不愿参保 是因为不懂社保

余清泉认为,一些年轻人不愿意参保的情况确实存在,但真正的原因并非是因为“养老保险是个陷阱”,而是这个群体存在另外一些顾虑。

第一,担心将来跨省转移麻烦。尤其是在北上广这样的大城市,很多人都是外地户籍务工者,人员流行性很大,而且很多人多计划退休后回家乡养老。因此他们担心将来养老保险关系还要跨省转移,这会带来很大的麻烦。事实上,人社部、财政部《城镇企业职工基本养老保险关系转移接续暂行办法》(国办发〔2009〕66号),人社部《关于城镇企业职工基本养老保险关系转移接续若干问题的通知》(人社部规〔2016〕5号)等文件已经明确转移接续办法,从2009年至今接近8年的实际运行,转移接续早已不像想象中的那么复杂。

第二,担心将来通货膨胀贬值。国发[2005]38号文明确,基础养老金以当地上年度在岗职工月平均工资和本人指数化月平均缴费工资的平均值为基数,“当地上年度在岗职工月平均工资”参与计算,这个制度设计实际上是挂钩了社平,本身就具有了抗通胀机制,再加上连续多年以来的退休后增资等措施,养老保险恰恰是公众应该重视的一种抵御通胀的保值手段。

第三,担心老龄化带来制度破产。老龄化是世界各国面临的普遍难题,但恰恰社保制度是应对老龄化的有效手段,只不过各国都在不断完善优化,希望找到更适合自己国家的制度而已。道理很简单,为了应对老龄化,个人更应该提前做保障,才更不应该放弃公共制度保障,缺失公共制度基础保障的安排是空中楼阁,根基不稳,并不是一个完善的安排。包括社保制度在内的多支柱保障体系,是世界各国的通行做法。

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