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“税负感”到底是一种什么感觉?

2016-12-30 18:33:03   

11月29日,国务院总理李克强主持召开国务院常务会议,听取全面推开营改增试点减轻税负情况汇报。

按照预计,全面实施“营改增”,确保所有行业税负只减不增,全年将为企业卸下5000多亿元的负担。

12月19日,中国社科院经济学部发布《2017年经济蓝皮书》建议,为了切实有效降低企业税费负担,有必要降低增值税税率尤其是制造业的增值税税率,并且要进一步大力清理不合理收费为企业减负。

目前,中国现行增值税税率有17%、13%、11%和6%四档。专家认为,如何科学设计、有效简化增值税分档及税率,是亟待解决的问题。

对于企业来说,要获得更好的发展不仅需要政府全力推进相关的体制机制改革,综合降低成本;更重要的,是通过企业自身不断创新,来提升自身创造附加值和消化成本的能力。

中新社发 展晓仁 摄

 2017年,房地产税真的会来?

近几年,政府将开征房地产税的传闻不绝于耳。

12月16日闭幕的中央经济工作会议提出,“房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的”。为此要加快研究建立符合国情、适应市场规律的基础性制度和长效机制,既抑制房地产泡沫,又防止大起大落。

专家认为,过去的房地产调控更多是短期政策,所以经常因为经济走势不同而出现波动。关键是要完善长期制度建设,房地产税等长效政策有望加快落地。

全国社会保障基金理事会理事长、财政部原部长楼继伟在今年11月曾透露,环境保护税、个人所得税、房地产税等改革正在积极推进。

推进房地产税是否会影响房价?专家认为,房地产税包括房地产业营业税、个人所得税、房产税、土地增值税、契税等多项税种,征收房地产税主要是征税思路的转变。目的是要从现行的房屋流通环节收税为主,转向持有环节收税为主,这将在一定程度上能够抑制房地产投机,并倒逼一些存量房流入市场,改变市场供需,对整个楼市的健康稳定意义重大。

而对于房价,业内普遍认为,房地产税确实能在一定程度上抑制持有多套房,但却非打压房价的利器。而从上海、重庆的试点情况看,房价上涨的势头也没有得到根本遏制。决定房价最根本的因素还是供求关系。

不过,也有多位专家预测,房地产税的推出并非一朝一夕。

中国人民银行参事盛松成日前表示,由于房地产税设计复杂,几年内难以推出。国务院参事、中央财经大学税务学院副院长刘桓也表示,房地产税出台时机选择要极为慎重,其推出会对市场产生多大影响需要深思熟虑。经济学家马光远则表示,五年内出台房产税的概率非常低。

多位专家认为,房地产税开征后应该设计免征范围,只针对超出个人基本住房需求以上的部分征税,有可能按照1.5%(1.5%的税率被认为是世界通行做法)的税率计算。财政部财政科学研究所原所长贾康则表示,可从第三套开始征收,在一些房地产市场过热的一二线城市先行实施。

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