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评论:曹德旺“跑没跑” 背后的真问题是什么?

2016-12-23 10:00:57   

中美税制不同 企业应减负

曹德旺的访谈中也谈及了企业税负比较、中国制造业税负沉重等问题。他表示中国制造业的综合税负比美国高35%。

国税总局税收科学研究所研究员付广军对此表示,由于中美税制不同,中国以生产环节税为主,美国以分配、消费环节税为主,所以如果仅比较生产环节税负,美国确实低于中国,因此两国企业税负总体情况实际上并不具有可比性。

值得注意的是,所谓税负,不是单纯仅指税收,也包括与政府收入有关的企业和国民的各种缴费。社科院日前发布的《经济蓝皮书》,报告提供的数据指出,自2000年以来,我国非税收入保持了持续快速增长。此外,据媒体报道,不完全统计,中国涉及企业税费的超过10种。其中,企业所得税和增值税是公司缴纳的“大头”。目前增值税最高税率为产品增值额的17%,最低为3%。

△2000-2015年全国税收收入、非税收入与全国GDP的比率。资料来源:2017年《经济蓝皮书》

中美税制不同,征税环节不同,不能一概而论,但曹德旺确实从企业家的角度,触及到当前中国经济的一些深层矛盾和问题,需要予以重视。

央视评论

这轮对“曹德旺跑路”的讨论之所以如此热烈,反映了全社会对我国制造业前景的忧虑和深入探讨。近年来国内资本“脱实向虚”引发全社会关注,改革开放三十多年来引领中国经济快速发展的制造业风光不再,被高利润的金融等服务业抢尽了风头。然而以制造业为代表的实体经济是国民经济的根基,着力振兴实体经济,做强中国制造,有助于挖掘发展潜力,实现动能转换,有效解决实体经济结构性供需失衡问题。

中国产业升级面临更激烈竞争

应该看到的是,近几年随着中国人口红利的逐渐丧失,低成本制造业的竞争力确实在减小。另一方面企业的运营成本又居高不下,阻碍了技术密集型制造业的发展壮大。这使得产业的升级换代落入了一种高不成,低不就的状态。反观世界市场上的竞争对手,越南和孟加拉国等依靠更低的劳动力成本的国家,已经在纺织、服装等领域不断侵蚀中国的空间;在高端制造业领域,强调“工业4.0”的德国和日本仍保持着优势,特朗普政府也聚焦于美国的制造业回流,这使得中国的产业升级面临更激烈的竞争。

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